TOPIC 5

Question 1

Symbiosis

Answer 1

Relationships of living things that are existing together in the same environment

Question 2

Commensalism

Answer 2

One organism benefits, other organism is unaffected (scientists argue if it exists or not)

Question 3

Mutualism

Answer 3

Both organisms benefit

Question 4

Parasitism

Answer 4

One organism benefits, other organism is harmed

Question 5

Opportunism

Answer 5

Type of parasitism
Can be commensalist or mutualist until opportunity arises, then becomes parasitic

Question 6

Factors of microbe

Answer 6

Level of virulence
Number of organisms acquired
Portal of entry
Presence of other organisms

Question 7

Level of virulence

Answer 7

Things that can make a pathogen more virulent, and the more virulence factors they have, the more likely they are to cause disease

Question 8

Virulence factors

Answer 8

Capsules, fimbrae, drug resistance genes, spores, enzymes, toxins (more likely to be parasitic and mutualistic)

Question 9

High dose pathogen

Answer 9

Need more of the viral particles to ensure an infection

Question 10

Low dose pathogen

Answer 10

Need less of the viral particles to ensure an infection

Question 11

Positive synergy

Answer 11

One organism HELPS the other cause disease

Question 12

Negative synergy

Answer 12

One organism PREVENTS the other from causing disease

Question 13

Immunocompetence

Answer 13

Your immune system is good at getting rid of and preventing infections from the pathogens you encounter

Question 14

Immunocompromise

Answer 14

Immune systems that can’t fight off infections

Question 15

TRUE OR FALSE
Everyday your immunocompetence varies

Answer 15

TRUE

Question 16

Immunocompetence factors you CANNOT control

Answer 16

Age, genetics/ ethnicity

Question 17

Immunocompetence factors you CAN control

Answer 17

General health (nutrition, sleep, stress, exercise, immunization)

Question 18

Direct transmission of disease

Answer 18

Diseased and those they infect in the same place at same time
Pathogen remains in warm, moist, isotonic fluid from one host to the next

Question 19

Direct transmission of disease examples

Answer 19

Touching, respiratory droplets, sexual contact, bites, kissing, fecal contact

Question 20

Indirect transmission of disease

Answer 20

Diseased NOT in same place and time with those they infect

Question 21

Indirect transmission of disease examples

Answer 21

Vehicles, fomites, vectors,

Question 22

Vehicles

Answer 22

Contaminated food, water, or air (dust)
Bring into your body voluntarily

Question 23

Fomites

Answer 23

Inanimate object that transmits a pathogen from one person to another

Question 24

Vectors

Answer 24

Living organisms that are not diseased

Question 25

Zoonoses

Answer 25

Disease of animals, transmissible to humans (can be direct or indirect)

Question 26

Reservoirs

Answer 26

Holds pathogen between infections (role in POPULATION) Any place where a pathogen can remain OVER TIME and be infectious to others

Question 27

TRUE OR FALSE Vectors, vehicles, and fomites can be reservoirs if the pathogen survives in/ on them and infects many individuals over time

Answer 27

TRUE

Question 28

Carrier

Answer 28

Asymptomatic infected individuals who infect many over time A type of reservoir that is an infected individual that isn’t showing symptoms and therefore they can remain infectious over time and represent a threat to everyone they come in contact with

Question 29

TRUE OR FALSE You are a carrier of the common cold during the incubation period

Answer 29

TRUE

Question 30

1. Incubation stage

Answer 30

No symptoms Period after you’re infected, the pathogen has arrived at your body, but before any symptoms show up

Question 31

Adjustment replication

Answer 31

Organism replicating, increasing in number (incubation stage)

Question 32

Why is adjustment replication important?

Answer 32

Bc there need to be enough organisms for making that virulence factor to impact the host