1
Q
innate immunity
A
always present w/o needing stimulation
2
Q
acquired/adaptive immunity
A
created in response to presence of pathogen
3
Q
level 1 skin defenses
A
- keratin
- sloughing
- close fitting cells
- dry
- salt & sebum
- lysozyme & defensins/dermicidins
- epidermis & dermis multi-layered
- normal flora
- hair
4
Q
keratin
A
cornification - toughened cells using keratin
- toughens cells
5
Q
sloughing
A
new epidermal cells being made and pushing dead cells up
6
Q
level 1 respiratory defensees
A
- hair, turbines
- cough/sneeze reflexes
- ciliary escalator
7
Q
ciliary escalator
A
- ciliated cells
- sticky mucous w/ lysozyme
- coordinated sweeping of trapped particles out
8
Q
other level 1 defenses
A
- eyes
- mouth
- urinary tract (+ male genital tract)
- genital tract (female)
- digestive tract
9
Q
eyes
A
- lid/blinking reflex (hair sweep)
- flushing (tears)
- salt in tears
- lysozyme in tears (digests peptidoglycan)
10
Q
mouth
A
- lysozyme (saliva)
- flushing action of saliva/swallowing
- digestive enzymes
11
Q
urinary tract (+male genital tract)
A
- flushing -> urine
12
Q
genital tract (female)
A
- pH low
- ciliary escalator (mucus = lysozyme)
- normal flora
13
Q
digestive tract
A
- peristalsis -> flushing
- mucus (lysozyme)
- digestive chemicals (bile & enzymes)
- stomach acid
- normal flora (intestines)
14
Q
phagocytosis process
A
- cell membrane engulfs foreign or particulate material
- engulfed material is digested or secreted
15
Q
phagocytosis cells involved:
A
- neutrophiles (bloodstream & tissue - asepticemia & local & focal infections)
- monocytes (bloodstream only)
- macrophages (derived from monocytes (tissues only)
- kupffer cells -> in liver
- microglial cells -> in brain
- dendetric cells -> in epothelium & endothelium
