What domain is eukaryotes
Eukaryotes fall into the Eukarya domain
What is the main feature of the Eukarya kingdom
their cells contain a nucleus
What are the six supergroups of Eukarya
- Archaeplastida
- amoebozoa
- Opisthokonta
- Rhizaria
-Chromoalveolata - Excavata
What are Choanoflagellates
They are flagellated unicellular protozoa that have a common ancestor of an animal
- these species are found in the opisthokonta
What is the definition of an animal
species that are multicellular and heterotrophic eukaryotes that cells contain cell walls, their systems contains nervous and muscle tissue, and has a unique patterns of cell divisions to form fertilized eggs
What does heterotrophic mean in regards to the definition of animals
means that they can’t generate organic molecules from inorganic carbon (these species feed through ingestion)
What are the different factors that are considered in phylogeny
- Anatomy and morphology (the build of the body of a species)
- Comparative embryology (the patterns of development after fertilization)
- molecular systematics (the comparison of DNA sequences)
What domain of life do Animals fall under
Eukaryotic
what is the closet related ancestor of Animals
Choanoflagellates: a type of flagellated unicellular protozoa
What are the 6 supergroups of the eukarya domain
- amoebozoa
- Opisthokonta
- Rhizaria
- Excavata
- Chromalveolata
- Archaeplastida
What supergroups within the Eukarya domain are animals found in
They are found in the Opisthokonta
How are animals defined
- multicellular and heterotrophic eukaryotes
- lack cell walls
- in terms of energy and carbon, we are chemoorganoheterotrophs (means these species gets there energy from organic molecules and needs organic carbon as a carbon source for growth)
- these species have a nervous and muscle tissue
- Have unique patterns of cell division from a fertilized egg
What is the definition of Parazoa
a groups that exists beside animals that lacks true tissues
What are the two groups the paraozoa include
phylum porifera (sponges) and the Ctenophora ( comb jellies)
what is the purpose of the flagella on the structure of chanoflagellates and sponge chanocyte cells
- it draws water through the tissues so nutrients and waste can be removed
What are the characterisitics of the Phylum Porifera (or the sponges)
- this species are stationary
- they contain a single layer of cells on the epidermis
- allows for water flow from outside the structure to inside (moves through porocytes)
- has choanocytes (is a structure that is used to trap food and engulf it) that are used for cellular feeding
- the space between the outside epidermis layer and the spongocoel (internal cavity) layer is filled with mesophyl
- these species are assymmetrical
- they lack tissues
What are characterisitic of Ctenophora
- they are radically symmetrical and are diploblastic
What are the charatcerisitics of Cindaria
- these species are jellies
- they are diploblastic
- they have a simple nervous system and no brain
- has a central digestive cavity and single opening that works both as an anus and a mouth
- these species can be both motile or stationary
- is capable of doing both sexual and asexual reproduction
What is the structure of something that is a diploblast
- this is a cell that has two layers
- has an ectoderm outer layer that surrounds a non-living layer which surrounds an ectoderm layer
What is the structure of a triploblast
- Cell structure that that has three layers
- has a outer ectoderm (produces the outer covering for the nervous system) that surrounds a mesoderm (produces the muscles and contributes to some organ) layer that surrounds an endoderm layer (produces the outer covering and the nervous system)
What are characterisitics of Eumetazoa
- these are species that develop two or three germ layers early in develop
- these germ layers are composed of primary cell layers
- these species are the diploblastic or triploblastic animals that are radically symmetrical and billaterally symmetrical
What are the stages of development of an Bastula to a Gastrula
1) A bastula is formed from a single layer of cells that are arranged in a sphere (this contains blastocoel and ectoderm
2) This then developed to form a layer of endoderm
- this development also forms a blastopore (the mouth and anus opening) and the archenteron (the digestive cavity)
What are the characterisitics of Phylum Acoela
- these are a worm like species that has triploblastic structure without a coelom (a true body cavity)
- most common in marine settings
