Topic 9

Question 1

what are the 6 defining characteristics of an animal?

Answer 1

• multicellular
• eukaryotes
• lack cell walls
• heterotrophs - chemoheterotrophs
• motile at some stage
• reproduce asexually or sexually

Question 2

T/F animal cells have cell walls

Answer 2

false - they lack cell walls

Question 3

what type of troph are animals?

Answer 3

chemoheterotrophs - have ingestive nutrition

Question 4

how many animal phyla are there?

Answer 4

35-37

Question 5

how many major phyla are there?

Answer 5

9

Question 6

metazoa means?

Answer 6

all members of the kingdom animalia

Question 7

what are the 9 main animal phyla?

Answer 7

Porifera
Cnidaria
Echinodermata
Chordata
Platyhelminthes
Mollusca
Annelida
Nematoda
Arthropoda

Question 8

what are the three types of body symmetry?

Answer 8

asymmetrical
bilaterally symmetrical
radially symmetrical

Question 9

what is asymmetrical?

Answer 9

• no symmetry - 0 planes
  this means they have:
• poor locomotion
• no head (absent)
• usually suspension feeders

Question 10

what is a suspension feeder, and what type of symmetry usually is one?

Answer 10

• feed on materials that are suspended around them (like in the water)
• asymmetrical

Question 11

what does bilaterally symmetrical mean?

Answer 11

• divided equally into 2 halves - one plane - sagittal plane
• highly mobile
• highly developed head
• variable lifestyle - lots are predators

Question 12

what does sagittal mean?

Answer 12

• a plane that divides into 2 equal halves

Question 13

how many planes does asymmetrical have?

Answer 13

0

Question 14

how many planes does bilaterally symmetrical have?

Answer 14

1

Question 15

how many planes does radial symmetrical have?

Answer 15

many

Question 16

what does radial symmetrical mean?

Answer 16

• can be divided into infinite planes and be the same in each
• planes go through the center
• weak head
• weak locomotion
• mostly suspension feeders

Question 17

what is the top plane called?

Answer 17

-aboral

Question 18

what is the bottom plane called?

Answer 18

oral

Question 19

LEARN THE EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT

Question 20

what are the three germ layers?

Answer 20

ectoderm - outer
mesoderm - middle
endoderm - inner

Question 21

what is the difference between diploblastic and triploblastic?

Answer 21

di - 2 germ layers
tri - 3 germ layers

Question 22

what is the archenteron?

Answer 22

• a space in the blastula that is the primitive gut cavity

Question 23

where is the blastopore?

Answer 23

the opening to the archenteron

Question 24

what is the different stages of embryonic development?

Answer 24

zygote
8 - cell stage
blastula
gastrulation

Question 25

what is a coel

Answer 25

cavity

Question 26

what phylum is diploblastic?

Answer 26

cnidaria

Question 27

where is the fluid filled body cavity found and what is it called and what does it do

Answer 27

only in triploblastic animals - coelom - space for internal organs - protect internal organs

Question 28

what are protostomes?

Answer 28

animals that the blastopore becomes the mouth nervous system on the ventral side (front) brain surrounds the opening of digestive tract the anus forms later coelom forms as a splitting of the mesoderm

Question 29

what are deuterostomes?

Answer 29

animals in which the blastopore becomes the anus, mouth forms later nervous system and brain on dorsal side of the body - neural canal coelom and mesoderm forms as an outgrowth of the primitive gut

Question 30

what is metamerism?

Answer 30

body segmentation

Question 31

what is a segment?

Answer 31

a body structure that repeats along an anterior-posterior axis and itselft has an anterior-posterior polarity. - often associated with movement

Question 32

what are the three advantages of metamerism?

Answer 32

1. creates hydrostatic compartments (fluid- filled) 2. reduces impact of injury 3. modification of certain regions for specialized functions

Question 33

LEARN THE TREE

Question 34

What are 3 Characteristics of Porifera?

Answer 34

asymmetrical sessile no tissues or organs suspension feeders choanocytes monoecious - both male and female reproductive organs - sponges

Question 35

What are 3 characteristics of Cnidaria?

Answer 35

Diploblastic radical symmetry predators incomplete gut body plan - polyp (hollow cylinder with tentacles) or medusa (umbrella with tentacles) hydra, jellyfish, coral

Question 36

What are 3 characteristics of Platyhelminthes?

Answer 36

- triploblastic - bilaterally symmetric - acoelomate - incomplete gut - free living(planarians) or parasitic (tape worms, flukes)

Question 37

What are 3 characteristics of Nematoda?

Answer 37

- 2nd largest animal phylum - pseudocoelomate - no circulatory system - mostly microscopic - free living or parasitic - soil nematodes

Question 38

What are 3 characteristics of Annelida?

Answer 38

- True Coelom - segmentation of coelom - segmentation of organ systems (muscular circulatory excretory respiratory nervous) - earthworms and leeches

Question 39

what is a coelom

Answer 39

a body cavity in animals between the intestinal canal and the body wall

Question 40

what are the 3 types of coeloms?

Answer 40

coelomate pseudocoelomate acoelomate

Question 41

what is a coelomate?

Answer 41

fluid filled cavity between the gut wall and the outer body wall

Question 42

what is a pseudocoelomate?

Answer 42

are triploblastic, but coelom is not completely lined with mesoderm cells.

Question 43

in a true coelom the body cavity is derived from...

Answer 43

the mesoderm the body cavity is formed from the 3 germ layers

Question 44

what is an acoelomate?

Answer 44

no coelom

Question 45

What are 3 characteristics of Mollusca?

Answer 45

- soft body with hard shell - bottom dwellers - body has 3 regions - visceral mass, head to foot, mantle - snails slugs clams mussels cephalopods (squid and octopuses)

Question 46

What are 3 characteristics of Arthropoda?

Answer 46

chitinous exoskeleton - growth and development - metamorphosis - gas exchange - highly developed sensory abilities - complex behaviours 5 major liniages - centipeds, millipeds, insects, scorpians, spiders, crustaceans

Question 47

What are 3 characteristics of Echinodermata?

Answer 47

- deuterostome - larvae - bilateral - but adult - pentaradial water vascular system star fish, sea urchin, sea cucumber

Question 48

What are 3 characteristics of Cordata?

Answer 48

- dorsal hollow nerve cord - notochord - physical support - perforated pharynx postanal tail - so that they can move and digest

Question 49

what does the notochord do?

Answer 49

physical support cartilage rod supporting the body in all embryonic and some adult cordates.