Torso

Question 1

what is the role of stability in movement?

Answer 1

• defining the torso/core
• role of the spine in force transfer (don’t want to lose energy)
• provide an understanding of the structure and function of the core
• present how to observe core assessment and understanding athlete limitations
• discuss progressive core development needed to build physical robustness and maximize performance

Question 2

are the rectus abdominis our core movers?

Answer 2

no, internal/external obliques

Question 3

what are the movement categories for torso?

Answer 3

• anti-flexion
• anti-extension
• anti-rotation
  *anti lateral/cross-flexion

Question 4

name the local “deep” stabilizers

Answer 4

• diaphragm
• transversus abdominis (wraps around, creates stability)
• multifidus
• pelvic floor (groin muscles attach here)

Question 5

name the global “superficial” stabilizers

Answer 5

• external oblique
• internal oblique
• adductor brevis
• adductor longus
• adductor magnus

Question 6

name the global movers

Answer 6

• latissimus dorsi (attaches to humerus which is involved in torso)
• thoracolumbar fascia
• gluteus maximus

Question 7

the function of the anterior toso is _

Answer 7

the prevention of extension and the creation of flexion

Question 8

the function of the rotators is _

Answer 8

the prevention of rotation to effect optimal rotation the opposite way

Question 9

the role of thoracolumbar fascia is

Answer 9

joining glutes to opp side lat (allows force to move from ground through torso to extremities

Question 10

why do we do iso before concentric?

Answer 10

we have to be good at stopping and preventing movement before we speed up

Question 11

coremusculature (torso) functions differently:

Answer 11

• muscles co-contract, stiffening the torso (ex. co contraction of ant/post torso)
• torso transmits and creates force
• torso more often than not, functions to prevent motion rather than initiating it

Question 12

sports and ADL tasks demand that power be generated _

Answer 12

at the hips and transmitted through a stiffened core

Question 13

the role of torso in motion is a _ and _

Answer 13

pillar and generator

Question 14

describe the role of torso as a pillar

Answer 14

stable base for movement and forces transfer through (sprinting, skating, swimming)
*allows limited leaks in energy and effective energy transfer

Question 15

describe the role of torso as a generator

Answer 15

mover that allows COG and BOS to change in order to overcome intertia and rapidly alter change of position or direction (trampoline, diving, deceleration)
COG = center of gravity, BOS = base of support

Question 16

name some sports that use the torso as a pillar and as a generator

Answer 16

pillar: to sprint, need core to be stable
generator: baseball, tennis, gold
*have to create rotation

Question 17

describe the components involved in breathing mechanics

Answer 17

muscles of the inner core
- diaphragm
- pelvic floor
- multifidus
- transverse abdominis

Question 18

the muscles of the inner core have a dual function…

Answer 18

respiration: low threshold muscular movement
stabilization: ex. diaphragm creates intraabdominal pressure

Question 19

what is the ZOA?

Answer 19

zone of apposition
*google defition
the space where the diaphragm begins in the ribcage, all the way down to the lowest ribs

Question 20

describe the zone of apposition

Answer 20

mechanical action and respiratory advantage depend on diaphragm position and relationship within the ribcage
- if ZOA is not optimal, adaptive breathing strategies

Question 21

what is a major influence on the ZOA?

Answer 21

position of the ribcage
- ribs down, good zoa (stability in spine)
- ribs flared/anterior ribs = decreased zoa, decreased diaphragmatic function

Question 22

what sports require a more lordotic position?

Answer 22

gymnastics
- powerlifting and olympic weightlifting, to create stability
- if we don’t have t spine extension, need lumbar spine extension

Question 23

describe static stability

Answer 23

eg. single leg balance test
- holding a posture
- time under tension
- resisted gravity or external forces

Question 24

describe dynamic stability

Answer 24

• stability during functional movements
• eg. when abdominal muscle stabilizes trunk during a functional movement such as vertical jump
• transfer of force
  **(slow mountain climber - dynamic stability at torso)

Question 25

describe sub-optimal breath

Answer 25

- improper diaphragm function = upper chest breathing - accessory muscles take over and may become hypertonic and/por develop trigger points - compromised t-spine mobility, altered scapular position/mechanics, upper extremity function, forward head posture ***(diaphragm slows CNS)