Transition Elements

Question 1

What is strange about the 4s and the 3d sub shells

Answer 1

4s fill up before 3d

Question 2

Chromium subshell exception

Answer 2

One in every 3d subshell and one in the 4s
3d54s1

Question 3

Copper subshell exception

Answer 3

Full 3d one in the 4s
3d104s1

Question 4

Definition of a transition metal

Answer 4

D block element that can form at least one stable ion with an incomplete d sub shell

Question 5

What is emptied first 4s or 3d

Answer 5

4s

Question 6

Chemical properties of transition elements

Answer 6

Can exist in Variable oxidation states
Can form coloured ions

Question 7

Colour of MnO4^-

Answer 7

Purple

Question 8

Colour of MnO4^2-

Answer 8

Green

Question 9

Colour of Mn^2+

Answer 9

Pale pink

Question 10

Colour of Ti^3+

Answer 10

Purple

Question 11

Colour of Ti^2+

Answer 11

Violet

Question 12

Colour of VO2^+

Answer 12

Yellow

Question 13

Colour of VO^2+

Answer 13

Blue

Question 14

Colour of V^3+

Answer 14

Green

Question 15

Colour of V^2+

Answer 15

Violet

Question 16

Colour of Cr2O7^2-

Answer 16

Orange

Question 17

Colour of Cr^3+

Answer 17

Pale purple

Question 18

Colour of Fe^3+

Answer 18

Yellow

Question 19

Colour of Fe^2+

Answer 19

Pale green

Question 20

Colour of Co^2+
Cobalt

Answer 20

Pink

Question 21

Colour of Ni^2+

Answer 21

Green

Question 22

Colour of Cu^2+

Answer 22

Pale blue

Question 23

Why are transition metals good catalysts

Answer 23

Can change oxidation states by gaining or losing electrons
This means they can transfer electrons to speed up reactions

Question 24

Why are catalysts good for industry and environment

Answer 24

Allow reactions to happen faster and at lower temps and pressures, reducing energy usage

Question 25

Negatives to using transition metals as catalysts

Answer 25

Many are toxic

Question 26

Finish the equation [Cu(H2O)6]2+ + 2OH- What colour from and to

Answer 26

[Cu(OH)2(H2O)4] + 2H2O Pale blue solution to a pale blue ppt

Question 27

Finish the equation [Cu(H2O)6]2+. + 2NH3 Colour change What happens in excess

Answer 27

[Cu(OH)2(H2O)4] + 2NH4^+ Pale blue solution to pale blue ppt [Cu(NH3)4(H2O)2]2+ makes dark blue ppt

Question 28

Finish the equations [Fe(H2O)6]2+ + 2OH- [Fe(H2O)6]2+ + 2NH3 Colour change

Answer 28

[Fe(OH)2(H2O)4] + 2H2O [Fe(OH)2(H2O)4] + 2NH4^+ from pale green sol to Dark green ppt

Question 29

finish the equations [Fe(h2O)6]3+ + 3OH- [Fe(H2O)6]3+ + 3NH3 colour change

Answer 29

[Fe(OH)3(H2O)3] + 3H2O [Fe(OH)3(H2O)3] + 3NH4^+ yellow sol to orange brown ppt

Question 30

finish the equations [Mn(H2O)6]2+ + 2OH- [Mn(H2O)6]2+ 2NH3 colour change

Answer 30

[Mn(OH)2(H2O)4] + 2H2O [Mn(OH)2(H2O)4] + 2NH4^+ pale pink sol to pale brown ppt

Question 31

finish the equations [Cr(H2O)6]3+ + 3OH- [Cr(H2O)6]3+ + 3NH3 colour changes

Answer 31

[Cr(OH)3(H2O)3] + 3H2O in excess NaOH Cr(OH)6^3- is formed (dark green) [Cr(OH)3(H2O)3] + 3NH4^+ in excess [Cr(NH3)6]3+ is formed (purple) green sol to dark green ppt

Question 32

what is a complex ion

Answer 32

metal ion surrounded by coordinately bonded ligands

Question 33

what is a coordinate bond

Answer 33

both electrons in the shared pair come from the same atom

Question 34

what is a ligand

Answer 34

it donates a pair of electrons to the central metal atom or ion

Question 35

what is the coordination number

Answer 35

the number of coordinate bonds that are formed with the central metal atom or ion

Question 36

how many cl- ligands can fit around the central metal atom or ion

Answer 36

4

Question 37

what does 6 coordinate bonds mean the shape is what does 4

Answer 37

octahedral tetrahedral or square planar ( 2 dotted top left and right corner 2 bold bottom left and right corner)

Question 38

what does monodentate, bidentate and multidentate mean

Answer 38

one lone pair available for bonding 2 2 or more

Question 39

what is en

Answer 39

ethane-1,2-diamine

Question 40

how can you tell if an octohedral ligand is cis or trans

Answer 40

cis- the ones in the plane are different trans- the ones in the plane are the same

Question 41

how can you tell if a square planar ligand is cis or trans

Answer 41

cis- one group on both top corners one group on both bottom corners trans- different groups on top corners, different groups on bottom corners = alternating pattern

Question 42

structure of cis-platin

Answer 42

pt in the middle top left is nh3 top right is nh3 bottom left is cl bottom right is cl

Question 43

how does cis-platin work as a anticancer drug

Answer 43

the two chloride ligands are easy to displace, they are lost and the 2 nitrogen atoms on the dna molecule bind instead this block on the dna prevents cancerous cells from reproducing, cell will die

Question 44

negative effects of cis-platin

Answer 44

prevents normal cells from reproducing inc blood cells which can supress the immune system may also cuase damage to the kidneys

Question 45

what is the ligand cn- a simialr size to

Answer 45

h2o

Question 46

describe a haemoglobin molecule

Answer 46

octahedral fe 2+ in the centre 4N in the dotted and bold section h2o at the top which is swapped with o2 globin protein at the bottom

Question 47

what happens when carbon monoxide is introduced to haemoglobin

Answer 47

swaps with h2o irreversibly

Question 48

what colour do the following ions form in aqueous sodium hydroxide Cu2+ Fe2+ Fe3+ Mn2+ Cr3+

Answer 48

pale blue ppt dark green ppt orange-brown ppt pale brown ppt dark green ppt