Transition Metals

Question 1

Where are transition metals found on the periodic table

Answer 1

D block

Question 2

What two metals are not transition metals that are in Dblock

Answer 2

Scandium and Zinc

Question 3

Physical properties of metals

Answer 3

Malleable
Ductile
Sonerous - sound
Conduction of electricity
Lustrous
High mp and bp

Question 4

Chemical properties of metals

Answer 4

Complex formation
Coloured ions
Variable oxidation states
Catalytic activity

Question 5

What four metal are magnetic

Answer 5

Cobalt
Nickle
Steal
Iron

Question 6

What is a transition metals

Answer 6

Partially filled 3D energy levels when they are an ion or an element

Question 7

How does chromium electron configuration change

Answer 7

Due to repulsion between paired electrons in the 4s orbital which overpowers the energy between 3D and 4S

Question 8

Why does copper have its electron configuration

Answer 8

More stable for it to have fully paired 3D and 1 that tops from 4s

Question 9

How is color seen

Answer 9

All waves are absorbed and the colour seen is reflected

Question 10

How are transition metals identifiable

Answer 10

By their colour

Question 11

How do transition metals 3D shell split

Answer 11

Due to absorbing light they gain energy

Question 12

Planks constant

Answer 12

6.63 x 10. Negative 34

Question 13

Why do non transition metals not have colour.

Answer 13

Full or empty 3D orbitals
So they can’t split

Question 14

What can affect energy change in transition metals

Answer 14

Coordination number
Oxidation state
Lignids bonded
Metal ion

Question 15

How can you identify concentration of a transition metal

Answer 15

Caliometer

Question 16

Complex ion

Answer 16

Metal ion surrounded by lignids coordinatley bonded

Question 17

What shapes do complex ions form

Answer 17

Linear
Square planar- tetrahedral
Octahedral

Question 18

Monodentate

Answer 18

One bonded lignin

Question 19

How do lignids interact

Answer 19

Lone pairs

Question 20

What must a compound have to act as a bronsted Lowry acid

Answer 20

A hydrogen atom in, which it s capable of losing and still being stable

Question 21

What must a bronsted Lowry base be able to do

Answer 21

Accept a hydrogen ion while remaining relevativly stable to react to form a stable compound
(Like water and salt)

Question 22

How is a complex ion acidic in solution

Answer 22

Electrons in coordinate bond are pulled towards transition mental
Hydrogen nuclei become more exposed and more positive than in normal water
Charge is no longer focused on the ion, it is now on the hydrogens that are easier to lose

Question 23

Why do 3+ ions attract more electrons than 2+

Answer 23

Due to the positive and negative attraction, releasing more H+ making it more acidic

Question 24

What does OH- make in acidic conditions when added to complex ions

Answer 24

Water and a coloured precipitate (dependent on transition metal)

Question 25

What does NH3 make in acidic conditions when added to complex ions

Answer 25

Ammonium ions (NH4+)

Question 26

What is the pH change when OH- or NH3 added to a complex ion in basic conditions

Answer 26

No major change is water or NH4- is made

Question 27

What happens when carbonate is added to 3+ complex ion

Answer 27

CO2 and H2O are made

Question 28

What happens when carbonate is added to 2+ complex ion

Answer 28

Produce water and a MCO3 where M is the metal

Question 29

Why does ligand substitution occur

Answer 29

Due to the ligand forming a stronger coordinate bond or it being in a higher concentration (Le chatieliers)

Question 30

What is chelation

Answer 30

Chelation is the formation of a complex ion in which a multidentate ligand forms two or more coordinate bonds to the same metal ion.

Question 31

Why does NH3 replace H2O in substitution of ligands

Answer 31

Since NH3 can form a more stable complex

Question 32

Why are reactants used in excess for substitution reactions for ligands

Answer 32

Since it follows la chatiliers and will shif equilibrium to the right making more product

Question 33

Why is ammonia more reactive than water for the ligand reactions

Answer 33

Due to its larger electronegativity

Question 34

What reaction will ammonia favor, a base or substitution

Answer 34

Acts as a base before substitution

Question 35

Why are there multiple steps to ligand subsitutioins

Answer 35

Since each ligand is replaced individually

Question 36

When can the shape of a molecule become distorted during substitution

Answer 36

When NH3 is added since it is more reactive the bond length is shorter than the bond length with oxygen