Transition metals

Question 1

what is a transition metal

Answer 1

a metal that can form one or more stable ions with an incomplete d sub level

Question 2

what are metallic properties

Answer 2

strong metallic bonds

higher melting points

higher density than s-block

Question 3

what are the two metals that are different from the electron sequence

Answer 3

chromium and copper

Question 4

chromium electron difference

Answer 4

one electron from the 4s is promoted into 3d since it is more stable

Question 5

copper electron difference

Answer 5

moves one electron up from 4s to be more stable (hunds rule)

Question 6

what is the reason for coloured ions

Answer 6

partially filled d orbitals cause by the transition of electrons between energy levels

Question 7

when are transition metals not coloured

Answer 7

when they are full or empty

Question 8

what does the colour of the ion depend on

Answer 8

element, oxidation, ligand, or coordination number

Question 9

Chemical properties of transition metals

Answer 9

Form complex’s
Good catalysts
Coloured ions
Variable oxidation states

Question 10

What does the degree of splitting depend on

Answer 10

The central ion and the ligand

Question 11

What is colormietry

Answer 11

Determines the concentration of coloured ions by measuring the absorbance

Question 12

What can you do with a calibration graph

Answer 12

Calculate unknown concentrations

Question 13

Coordination number

Answer 13

Equal to the number of coordinate bonds

Question 14

What is a unidentate

Answer 14

A ligand with one coordinate bond

Question 15

What is a bidentate

Answer 15

A ligand with two coordinate bonds

Question 16

What is a multidentate

Answer 16

A ligand with multiple coordinate bonds

Question 17

What is an example of a multidenate

Answer 17

Haem in haemoglobin

Question 18

What is the ligand name of chloride

Answer 18

Chloro

Question 19

What is the ligand name of cyanide

Answer 19

Cyano

Question 20

What is the ligand name of hydroxide

Answer 20

Hydroxo

Question 21

What is the ligand name of oxide

Answer 21

OXO

Question 22

What is the ligand name of water

Answer 22

Aqua

Question 23

What is the ligand name of ammonia

Answer 23

Ammine

Question 24

What is an example of a transition metal with catalytic activity

Answer 24

Rhodium in a catalytic converter

Question 25

What is a heterogenous catalyst

Answer 25

Where the catalyst is in different state than the reactants

Question 26

What is a homogenous catalyst

Answer 26

When the catalyst and the reactants are in the same state

Question 27

How does a heterogenous catalyst break bonds ?

Answer 27

Molecules approach surface of catalyst and stick to it in a defined arrangement Chemical bonds are then broken and desired molecular bonds form.

Question 28

How can catalsyts be made more efficient

Answer 28

Added to the support medium or in a powder form for a larger surface area

Question 29

How can catalysts change over time

Answer 29

Gradually lost or become poisoned

Question 30

What does it mean when a catalyst is poisoned

Answer 30

The surfaces are covered in impurities like sulfur compounds

Question 31

What is the catalyst used in the contact process

Answer 31

Vanadium (v) oxide

Question 32

What is a property of transition metals that make them good catalysts

Answer 32

Variable oxidation states

Question 33

What does the iodine disulfate reaction do

Answer 33

Uses a homogenous catalyst to produce iodide and sulfate

Question 34

Why does the iodine disulfate reaction not work without the catalyst or unlikely to work

Answer 34

Due to the two negative ions- they are likely to repel

Question 35

What catalyst does the iodine disulfate reaction use

Answer 35

Fe 2+

Question 36

How can you find the concentration of iodine in the iodine disulfate reaction

Answer 36

By adding sodium thiosulfate and measure the time taken for it to turn blue then plot it on a calibration curve

Question 37

What type of catalyst is vandiaum (V) oxide in the contact process

Answer 37

A heterogenous since it is in a different state from the reactants

Question 38

Why is the air purified before reacting in the contact process

Answer 38

To prevent the catalyst being poisoned by impurities

Question 39

What are the two reactions where vanadium (V) oxide works as a catalyst in the contact process

Answer 39

SO2 + V2O5 -> SO3 + V2O4 2V2O4 + O2 —> 2V2O5. (Regenated)

Question 40

Why is vanadium oxide used over platinum even tho is is quicker

Answer 40

Since platinum is more expensive and poisons easier