Triads

Question 1

What is the Ramsay Hunt syndrome triad?

Answer 1

1) Ipsilateral facial paralysis
2) Otalgia (disproportionate to PE)
3) Vesicles in EAC or on auricle

Question 2

Triad of Horner’s syndrome

Answer 2

1) Ipsilateral ptosis (drooping eye)
2) Miosis (pupil constriction)
3) Anhidrosis (sweat glands do not produce sweat)

Question 3

What is the allergic/ atopic triad?

Answer 3

1) Allergic rhinitis
2) Asthma
3) Atopic dermatitis

Question 4

Ptosis, meiosis, and anhidrosis are the triad of what?

Answer 4

Horner syndrome

Question 5

What is the classic triad of acute angle-closure glaucoma?

Answer 5

1) Red eye
2) Hazy cornea
3) Fixed, dilated pupil

Question 6

Hematuria, flank pain, palpable mass are a classic triad for what?

Answer 6

Renal cell cancer

Question 7

What is the triad of Achalasia pathology?

Answer 7

1) Incomplete relaxation of LES
2) ↑ LES tone
3) Esophageal aperistalsis

Question 8

What is the Samter Triad?

Answer 8

1) ASA/NSAID sensitivity
2) Nasal polyp
3) Asthma

Question 9

What is the classic “triad” of acute bacterial meningitis?

Answer 9

1) Fever
2) Nuchal rigidity
3) Altered mental status OR headache

Question 10

What is the Virchow triad? [PE pathophys]

Answer 10

1) Circulatory stasis (prolonged immobility, HF)
2) Vessel endothelial injury (trauma, disease, prior DVT)
3) Hypercoagulable state transient or permanent: contraceptives, pregnancy, cancer, genetic

Question 11

Meigs syndrome triad

Answer 11

1) Benign ovarian tumor
2) Ascites
3) Pleural effusion [that resolves after resection of the tumor].

Question 12

Triad of endometriosis is what?

Answer 12

1) Dysmenorrhea
2) Dyschezia
3) Dyspareunia

Question 13

What is Charcot’s Triad? [for cholangitis]

Answer 13

1) RUQ pain
2) Fever/chills
3) Jaundice

Question 14

What is Reynold’s pentad (aka Charcot’s triad but worse)

Answer 14

RUQ pain, fever/chills, jaundice, & AMS/ hypotension

Question 15

What is the AS (aortic stenosis) triad?

Answer 15

1) Exertional syncope (stairs, shoveling snow, etc.)
2) Dyspnea
3) Angina

Question 16

List the 3 criteria for HELLP syndrome (Hemolysis, Elevated Liver enzymes and Low Platelet count)

Answer 16

1) Microangiopathic hemolysis
2) Thrombocytopenia
3) Hepatocellular dysfunction

Question 17

What is the toxoplasmosis triad?

Answer 17

1) Chorioretinitis
2) Hydrocephalus
3) Intracranial calcifications

Question 18

What is the triad of hyperaldosteronism?

Answer 18

Hypertension, hypokalemia, metabolic alkalosis

Question 19

What is the classic triad of symptomatic AAAs (ruptured or contained)?

Answer 19

1) Hypotension or syncope (ruptured AAA)
2) Severe “tearing” abdominal pain radiating to back/flank
3) Tender Pulsatile abdominal mass, or bruit

Question 20

What is Beck’s triad for cardiac tamponade?

Answer 20

1) Hypotension
2) JVD
3) Muffled heart sounds

Question 21

What is the “Holy triad” of meds?

Answer 21

Opioid + benzo + muscle relaxer (Carisoprodol (Soma))

Question 22

What are the 3 Ds of epiglottitis?

Answer 22

(respiratory) Distress, dysphagia, drooling

Question 23

What is the classic triad of Acute Interstitial Nephritis (AIN)?

Answer 23

Fever, rash, arthralgias

(only in 10-15% cases)

Question 24

What is the lethal triad of circulation?

Answer 24

1) Hypothermia
2) Coagulopathy
3) Acidosis

Question 25

What is the triad of laryngeal trauma?

Answer 25

1) Hoarseness 2) Subcutaneous emphysema 3) Palpable fracture

Question 26

What are the 3 hallmarks of EDS?

Answer 26

Skin hyperextensibility Joint hypermobility Tissue fragility

Question 27

What is the triad of Felty Syndrome?

Answer 27

RA, splenomegaly, and neutropenia (Aka RA plus 2 more things)

Question 28

What is the triad of reactive arthritis (Reiter syndrome)?

Answer 28

Conjunctivitis Urethritis Arthritis (can't see, can't pee, can't climb a tree) (PANCE likes to ask abt this condition)

Question 29

What 3 things that start with T should you consider when you see a mass in the mediastinum?

Answer 29

Thyroid mass Teratoma Thymoma

Question 30

The classical triad of clinical symptoms of normal pressure hydrocephalus is what?

Answer 30

1) gait 2) dementia 3) and urinary incontinence

Question 31

What is the classic SLE triad?

Answer 31

Joint pain Fever Butterfly rash

Question 32

What is the classic triad of clinical Sx of Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus?

Answer 32

1) gait 2) dementia 3) and urinary incontinence

Question 33

What is the classic triad of Wernicke’s Encephalopathy? (assoc with alcohol withdrawal)

Answer 33

1) Encephalopathy (altered mental status, lethargy, memory impairment) 2) Oculomotor dysfunction (nystagmus - most common) 3) Gait ataxia

Question 34

Triad of serotonin syndrome Sxs is?

Answer 34

1) Mental status changes 2) Autonomic hyperactivity 3) Neuromuscular abnormalities

Question 35

What is the tetrad of IgA vasculitis?

Answer 35

Palpable purpura, joint pain, abdominal pain, kidney dz

Question 36

What are the 3 Cs of measles?

Answer 36

Cough. Coryza. Conjunctivitis

Question 37

What are the 3 Ns of button batteries?

Answer 37

Negative, Narrow, Necrotic

Question 38

What is the classic triad of transfusion reaction symptoms?

Answer 38

Fever, flank pain, red/brown urine

Question 39

What is Mackler's triad for Boerhaave syndrome?

Answer 39

Vomiting, lower thoracic pain/CP, subcutaneous emphysema

Question 40

What is the Renal cell cancer triad?

Answer 40

Gross hematuria, flank pain, palpable flank mass

Question 41

What is the classic triad of ectopic pregnancy? (important)

Answer 41

Unilateral adnexal pain Amenorrhea/spotting Tender pelvic mass

Question 42

List Codman’s triangle for osteosarcoma

Answer 42

1) Destruction of the normal trabecular bone pattern 2) Indistinct margins 3) Lack of endosteal bone response

Question 43

What is cushing triad? (due to sig. elevated ICP)

Answer 43

HTN, bradycardia, respiratory irregularity