Typical Ageing

Question 1

When does ageing begin, and what factors influence it?

Answer 1

Ageing begins at birth and is influenced by genetic, personal, environmental, and social factors—making it a biopsychosocial process.

Question 2

Why is the term “older adult” preferred over “elderly”?

Answer 2

“Older adult” is preferred because “elderly” implies frailty and dependence, while many people aged 65+ live active, healthy lives.

Question 3

What is primary ageing?

Answer 3

Primary ageing is the result of chronological time, involving natural biological decline such as reduced function and hormonal changes

Question 4

What is secondary ageing?

Answer 4

Secondary ageing results from disease, damage, or lifestyle factors (e.g., smoking, injury) and is partially preventable.

Question 5

Give examples of primary and secondary ageing changes.

Answer 5

Primary: Decline in visual acuity, hearing, muscle mass, hormone levels.

Secondary: Macular degeneration, osteoporosis, cancer, permanent disability after injury.

Question 6

What are the three answers to why we should study ageing?

Answer 6

• 1st is demographically
• 2nd is a sociological one
• 3rd aligns with the principles of culturally responsive person- and family-centred practice.

Question 7

What demographic changes make the study of ageing important?

Answer 7

The world’s population is ageing due to factors like the baby boom (1946–1964), improved healthcare, reduced child mortality, and increased life expectancy (53 → 73 years globally, 1960–2020).

Question 8

How has Australia’s population structure changed since 1950?

Answer 8

It shifted from a young population pyramid to a more rectangular shape, showing a growing proportion of people aged 60+, which will continue to increase in coming decades.

Question 9

What sociological perspective highlights the value of older adults?

Answer 9

Traditionally, older adults were seen as sources of wisdom and knowledge (e.g., Aboriginal Elders valued for their cultural knowledge and Lore).

Question 10

How do modern social attitudes toward ageing differ from traditional ones?

Answer 10

Modern society often undervalues older people despite their experience, with younger generations showing less engagement and respect toward them.

Question 11

Why is understanding ageing important in culturally responsive practice?

Answer 11

Older adults are diverse, with unique needs, values, and abilities. Understanding ageing helps promote healthy ageing and individualised, person- and family-centred care.