1
Q
What does A.D. stand for?
A
Latin for ‘in the year of the Lord’ (a year after the estimated birth of Jesus Christ)
2
Q
What does B.C. stand for?
A
Before Christ
3
Q
What does B.C.E. stand for?
A
Before the Common Era, equivalent to BC
4
Q
What does C.E. stand for?
A
Common Era
5
Q
What does ‘circa’ mean?
A
Around or near
6
Q
What is a civilization?
A
A human society with highly developed material and spiritual resources and a complex cultural, political, and legal organization
7
Q
What is Constantinople (Istanbul)?
A
Istanbul, originally named ‘City of Constantine’ and officially called Istanbul by 1930
8
Q
What were the Crusades?
A
Christians from Europe fought Muslims for control of Jerusalem and other holy places in the 11th–13th centuries
9
Q
What is filial piety?
A
Virtue of respecting, obeying, and caring for one’s parents and elders, rooted in Confucianism
10
Q
Who are hunters and gatherers?
A
People who obtained food by hunting animals and gathering edible plants
11
Q
What is the Golden Age of China?
A
Tang (618–907 AD) and Song (960–1279 AD) dynasties, celebrated for culture, economy, and technology
12
Q
What is the Golden Age of India?
A
Gupta Empire (4th–6th centuries CE), known for advancements in science, mathematics, religion, philosophy, and the arts
13
Q
What is Hagia Sophia?
A
Historic building in Istanbul, originally a cathedral, later a mosque, now serves as both mosque and museum
14
Q
What is the Huang He River Civilization?
A
Early Chinese civilization along the Yellow River, known for agriculture, writing, bronze technology, and family-centered social structure
15
Q
What is an Ice Age?
A
Long periods of colder global temperatures with recurring glacial expansion; most recent began 2.6 million years ago
16
Q
What does pastoral refer to?
A
Nomadic people who travel with domesticated animals for food
17
Q
What is the Paleolithic period?
A
Old Stone Age (3.3 million–12,000 years ago), when early humans developed basic stone tools
18
Q
What are the Andes Mountains?
A
South American mountain range, home to civilizations like the Inca and Chavín
19
Q
Who were the Aryans?
A
Indo-European people who migrated to India, associated with Vedic culture and Hinduism
20
Q
What is the Agricultural Revolution (Neolithic)?
A
Transition from hunter-gatherer lifestyles to settled agriculture
21
Q
What is the Sumer Civilization?
A
Early civilization in southern Mesopotamia, credited with writing (cuneiform), the wheel, irrigation, mathematics, and early law and literature
22
Q
What is the Analects?
A
A collection of sayings and ideas attributed to Confucius and his disciples.
23
Q
What is Buddhism?
A
A religion founded by Siddhartha Gautama, focusing on the Four Noble Truths and the Eightfold Path.
24
Q
What is a Caliphate?
A
An Islamic government led by a successor to the Prophet Muhammad.
25
What is a Caste?
A hierarchical social system in Hindu society with specific duties and privileges.
26
What is Christianity?
A monotheistic religion based on Jesus' life and teachings.
27
What is Confucianism?
A philosophical system focusing on morality, social relationships, and justice.
28
What is Daoism?
A Chinese tradition emphasizing harmony with the source of all things, simplicity, humility, and compassion.
29
What is Dar-al-Islam?
The geographical area where Islamic law is upheld and Muslims can practice freely.
30
What is the Eightfold Path?
A Buddhist path to enlightenment including right understanding, thought, speech, action, livelihood, effort, mindfulness, and concentration.
31
What are the Five Pillars of Islam?
Fundamental acts of Islam: declaration of faith, prayer, almsgiving, fasting, pilgrimage.
32
What are the Four Noble Truths?
Buddhist teachings outlining the nature of suffering and the path to its cessation.
33
What is Hinduism?
A major religion from India, including dharma, karma, moksha, and a pantheon of deities.
34
What is Islam?
A monotheistic religion founded by Muhammad, emphasizing submission to Allah and following the Quran.
35
What is Judaism?
An ancient monotheistic religion based on the covenant between God and the Hebrew people.
36
What is the Mandate of Heaven?
A Chinese doctrine justifying the emperor’s rule based on moral integrity.
37
What is a Monastery?
A religious community where monks live, work, and pray.
38
What does Monastic refer to?
Related to the lifestyle and practices of monks.
39
What is Monotheism?
The belief in a single, all-powerful deity.
40
What is Polytheism?
The belief in multiple deities with distinct attributes.
41
What is Neo-Confucianism?
A Song dynasty system integrating Confucian, Buddhist, and Daoist ideas.
42
What is the Orthodox Church?
An Eastern Christian branch emphasizing traditional practices, icons, and liturgy.
43
What is the Quran?
The holy book of Islam, believed to be God’s literal word.
44
What is the Roman Catholic Church?
The largest Christian church, led by the Pope, emphasizing sacraments and church authority.
45
What is Sharia?
Islamic law derived from the Quran and Hadith.
46
What is Shi’a?
A branch of Islam believing Ali was Muhammad’s rightful successor.
47
What is Sunni?
The largest branch of Islam, recognizing the first four caliphs and community consensus.
48
What is a Theocracy?
A government ruled by religious leaders in the name of a deity.
49
What are the Vedas?
Ancient sacred Hindu scriptures of hymns, rituals, and philosophical teachings.
50
What is Zoroastrianism?
An ancient religion emphasizing worship of Ahura Mazda and the duality of good and evil.
51
What is Shinto?
A Japanese religion focused on ritual practices, kami, and ancestor veneration.
52
What is Chichen Itza?
A Maya archaeological site known for step pyramids and astronomy.
53
What is the Diaspora?
The dispersion of people from their original homeland.
54
What are the Indian Ocean Trade Routes?
A maritime network connecting East Africa, Southeast Asia, and China.
55
What are the Silk Roads?
Historical trade routes across Eurasia for exchanging goods, ideas, and cultures.
56
What are the Trans Saharan Trade Routes?
Trade pathways across the Sahara linking West Africa with North Africa and the Mediterranean.
57
What is the Grand Canal?
An ancient Chinese waterway from Beijing to Zhejiang, the longest artificial canal system, vital for transport and trade.
58
What are Monsoon Winds?
Seasonal winds that reverse direction, bringing wet and dry seasons, crucial for maritime trade.
59
Who is Abraham?
Patriarch of Israelites, Christians, and Muslims; known for his covenant with God promising descendants and the land of Canaan.
60
Who was Alexander the Great?
Macedonian ruler who created a vast empire from Greece to India through military conquest.
61
What does Allah mean?
Arabic word for God in Islam, the singular, all-powerful deity.
62
Who was Ashoka?
Mauryan emperor of India (3rd century BCE) known for promoting Buddhism and peaceful governance.
63
Who was Confucius?
Chinese philosopher emphasizing morality, proper social relationships, and justice.
64
Who was Constantine?
First Roman emperor to convert to Christianity; issued Edict of Milan; moved capital to eastern empire.
65
Who is Jesus?
Central figure in Christianity; considered the Son of God and Messiah.
66
Who was Justinian?
Byzantine emperor; built Hagia Sophia and codified Roman law.
67
Who was Muhammad?
Founder of Islam; last prophet; revelations recorded in the Quran.
68
Who is Siddartha Gautama?
Founder of Buddhism, also known as the Buddha; taught the Four Noble Truths and Eightfold Path.
69
What is a Shogun?
Hereditary military leader in Japan, de facto ruler during the feudal period.
70
What is a Daimyo?
Major feudal lord in Japan under the shogun, controlling land and vassals.
71
What is a Centralized Government?
System where power is concentrated in a single national authority.
72
What is a Chiefdom?
Hierarchical political organization led by a chief over multiple communities, often based on kinship.
73
What is a City-state?
Independent political entity consisting of a city and its surrounding territory.
74
What is a Civil Service Exam?
Merit-based test for government positions in Ancient China (Keju system).
75
Who are the Daimyo?
Powerful feudal lords and landowners under the shogun in Japan.
76
What is a Decentralized Government?
Government where power is distributed among regional or local authorities.
77
What is Democracy?
Government in which political power is vested in the people.
78
What is an Empire?
Group of countries or regions controlled by a single ruler or government.
79
What is the Justinian Code?
Codified set of laws in the Byzantine Empire under Emperor Justinian I.
80
What is Legalism in China?
Philosophical school emphasizing strict legal code and harsh punishment in Warring States China.
81
What is a Matriarchy?
Family, society, or state governed by a woman.
82
What is a Patriarchy?
Social system where men hold primary authority in political, moral, and property matters.
83
Who is a Shogun?
Supreme military and political leader of Japan, holding actual power over the emperor.
84
What is a Samurai?
Class of trained warriors serving powerful lords in feudal Japan.
85
What was the Western Roman Empire?
The western half of the Roman Empire; declined and fell in 476 CE, marking Europe’s transition to the Middle Ages.
86
What was the Eastern Roman Empire also known as?
Also called the Byzantine Empire; preserved Roman law and culture, lasted until 1453 CE.
87
What was the Abbasid Caliphate known for?
An Islamic caliphate (750–1258 CE) known for cultural, scientific, and intellectual achievements during the Golden Age of Islam.
88
What did the Sui Dynasty accomplish?
A Chinese dynasty that reunified the country and built major infrastructure like the Grand Canal.
89
What is notable about the Tang Dynasty?
A Chinese dynasty (618–907 CE) noted for cultural flourishing, Silk Road trade, and achievements in arts and sciences.
90
What advancements are associated with the Song Dynasty?
A Chinese dynasty (960–1279 CE) known for technological, economic, and cultural advancements and the establishment of a market economy.
91
What was the Umayyad Caliphate known for?
The first major Islamic caliphate after Muhammad; expanded across the Middle East, North Africa, and Spain; established Arabic administration and iconic architecture.
92
What characterized the Mississippian Cultures?
Native American societies (800–1600 CE) known for mound-building, complex social organization, and trade networks.
93
What is the Mayan Civilization known for?
A Mesoamerican civilization (2000 BCE–16th century CE) with advanced writing, art, architecture, math, and astronomy.
94
What is the Toltec Culture known for?
A Mesoamerican civilization in central Mexico; known for pyramids, stone carvings, and influence on the Aztecs.
95
What was the Ghana kingdom known for?
A West African kingdom (6th–13th century CE) wealthy from gold trade and strong centralized government, key in trans-Saharan trade.
96
What is Great Zimbabwe known for?
A medieval city in southern Africa (11th–15th century CE) known for stone ruins and major regional trade.
97
What is the Olmecs civilization known for?
Ancient Mesoamerican civilization (1200–400 BCE) known for large stone heads and influence on later cultures.
98
What is the Zhou Dynasty known for?
Chinese dynasty (1046–256 BCE) known for Confucianism, Daoism, and territorial expansion.
99
What was the Sui Dynasty's significance?
Short-lived Chinese dynasty that united Northern and Southern China; built the Grand Canal.
100
What did the Qin Dynasty accomplish?
Chinese dynasty (221 BCE) that unified China under centralized government; built parts of the Great Wall.
101
What is the Han Dynasty known for?
Major Chinese dynasty known for technology, culture, trade, and establishing the Silk Road.
102
What characterized the Persian Empire?
Ancient empire centered in Iran; known for culture, road systems, religious tolerance, and governance.
103
Who founded the Mauryan Empire?
Indian empire founded by Chandragupta Maurya; unified India and spread Buddhism under Ashoka.
104
What is the Gupta Empire known for?
Indian empire (4th–6th centuries CE) known for arts, science, mathematics, and Hindu culture.
105
What was the Roman Empire's influence?
Powerful civilization (27 BCE–476 CE) dominating Europe, North Africa, and the Middle East; known for law, architecture, and governance.
106
What is the Nile River Valley?
Fertile region in Egypt supporting ancient civilizations through agriculture.
107
What was significant about the Indus River Valley?
Early urban culture with advanced city planning and drainage systems.
108
What is the Yellow River Valley known as?
Cradle of Chinese civilization; fertile land and early dynasties, agriculture, and writing.
109
What is Mesopotamia known for?
Ancient region between the Tigris and Euphrates; birthplace of writing, urban civilizations, and agriculture.
110
What is Mesoamerica?
Region in Mexico and Central America; home to Olmec, Maya, and Aztec civilizations with advanced agriculture and architecture.
111
What does Dar-al-Islam refer to?
Geographic area where Islam is practiced and Islamic law is upheld.
112
What is Ancient Greece known for?
Civilization known for philosophy, art, and the birth of democracy in southeastern Europe.
113
What happened to the Western Roman Empire?
Western part of Rome; fell in 476 CE, influencing European culture and governance.
114
What is the Eastern Roman Empire also known as?
Byzantine Empire; preserved Greek and Roman knowledge, rich cultural and religious life.
115
What is Teotihuacan known for?
Ancient Mesoamerican city (100 BCE–750 CE) known for pyramids and urban planning in Mexico.
116
What characterized the Mayan Civilization?
Mesoamerican civilization with advanced writing, architecture, and society (2000 BCE–16th century CE).
117
What is Hellenism?
Spread of Greek culture across the Mediterranean and Near East after Alexander the Great.
118
What are the Tigris and Euphrates Civilizations known for?
Cultures around the Tigris and Euphrates (Sumerians, Akkadians, Babylonians, Assyrians) known for writing, agriculture, and governance.
119
What is the classical time period?
600 BC/BCE – 600 AD/CE
120
What is the Post-Classical time period?
600 AD/CE – 1450 AD/CE (Note: APWH starts in 1200 AD/CE)
121
What is the Early Modern time period?
1450 AD/CE – 1750 AD/CE
122
What is the Modern time period?
1750 AD/CE – 1900 AD/CE
123
What is the Post-Modern/Contemporary time period?
1900 AD/CE – Present
APWH
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Decks in class (3)
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