APWH > Unit 1 > Flashcards

Unit 1 Flashcards

(102 cards)

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1
Q

Heian Japan (794-1185)

A

Period of Japanese court culture and Chinese influence.

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2
Q

Kamakura Shogunate (1185-1333)

A

First Japanese shogunate, established samurai rule.

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3
Q

Korea

A

East Asian state influenced by Chinese culture and Confucianism.

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4
Q

Vietnam

A

Southeast Asian state influenced by China but kept distinct culture.

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5
Q

Filial piety

A

Respect for parents/elders in Confucian thought.

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6
Q

Influence of Confucianism, Buddhism, and Neo-Confucianism

A

Shaped East Asian society, culture, and government

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7
Q

Confucian traditions of respect for and deference to women

A

Restricted roles for women in East Asia.

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8
Q

Chinese literary and scholarly traditions

A

Spread to Heian Japan and Korea

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9
Q

Theravāda Buddhism

A

Oldest branch, focused on monastic life, spread in SE Asia.

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10
Q

Mahayana Buddhism

A

Branch focused on compassion and bodhisattvas, spread in E Asia.

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11
Q

Tibetan Buddhism

A

Blend of Mahayana + local traditions, emphasized rituals.

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12
Q

Champa rice

A

Fast-ripening rice from Vietnam, boosted Chinese population.

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13
Q

Grand Canal

A

Chinese waterway boosting trade and transport.

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14
Q

Steel & iron production

A

Industrial advances in Song China fueling trade.

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15
Q

Export of textiles & porcelain

A

Key Chinese trade goods.

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16
Q

Gunpowder

A

Chinese invention, spread to Islamic world and Europe.

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17
Q

Afro-Eurasia

A

Large trade-connected region of Africa, Europe, and Asia

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18
Q

Animism

A

Belief in spirits of nature/ancestors.

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19
Q

Civil Service Examination System

A

Confucian-based exams for Chinese bureaucracy.

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20
Q

Dynastic Cycle

A

Pattern of rise, decline, and replacement of dynasties in China.

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21
Q

Foot binding

A

Chinese practice of restricting women’s mobility.

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22
Q

Hangzhou

A

Song capital, major trade city.

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23
Q

Marco Polo

A

Venetian traveler whose accounts described China.

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24
Q

Islam

A

Monotheistic religion founded by Muhammad in 7th c.

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25
Sunni Islam
Largest Islamic sect, leadership by community choice.
26
Shi'a Islam
Islamic sect, leadership through Muhammad's descendants.
27
Sharia
Islamic law based on Qur'an and traditions.
28
Jizya
Tax on non-Muslims under Islamic rule.
29
Sufism
Mystical Islamic belief/practice emphasizing closeness to God.
30
Dhimmis
Non-Muslims living under Muslim rule with protections.
31
Mecca
Holy city of Islam, birthplace of Muhammad.
32
Medina
City where Muhammad founded Muslim community.
33
Judaism
Monotheistic religion of Hebrews; basis of Christianity/Islam.
34
Christianity
Monotheistic religion based on teachings of Jesus.
35
Seljuk Empire
Turkic Muslim empire in Middle East, fought Crusaders.
36
Mamluk Sultanate
Slave-soldier dynasty in Egypt, stopped Mongols.
37
Delhi Sultanate
Muslim-ruled kingdom in India.
38
Abbasid Caliphate (Baghdad)
Islamic dynasty, cultural flourishing (750-1258).
39
'A'ishah al-Ba'uniyyah
Sufi poet and writer, Islamic literature.
40
Nasir al-Din al-Tusi
Muslim scholar in math/astronomy.
41
Advances in medicine
Islamic world's progress in hospitals, surgery, treatment.
42
Greek philosophy (Islamic influence)
Translated and preserved in Islamic world.
43
House of Wisdom
Abbasid learning center in Baghdad.
44
Scholarly/cultural transfers in Spain
Muslim-Christian exchange in al-Andalus.
45
Turkic peoples
Nomadic groups who spread Islam (Seljuks, Ottomans).
46
Dar al-Islam
Lands under Muslim rule/influence.
47
Al-Andalus
Muslim Spain, center of cultural exchange.
48
Anti-Semitism
Hostility toward Jews in Europe.
49
Polygyny
Islamic practice of men having multiple wives.
50
Constantinople
Byzantine capital, major trade city.
51
Jerusalem
Holy city for Jews, Christians, Muslims
52
Ibn Battuta
Muslim traveler across Afro-Eurasia.
53
Great Mosque of Cordoba
Islamic architecture in Spain.
54
Hagia Sophia
Byzantine church turned mosque.
55
Bhakti movement
Hindu devotional movement focusing on personal deities.
56
Hinduism
Indian religion based on dharma, karma, reincarnation.
57
Chan (Zen) Buddhism
Meditation-based Buddhism in China/Japan.
58
Vijayanagara Empire
South Indian Hindu kingdom, blended cultures.
59
Srivijaya Empire
Indonesian maritime empire controlling trade routes.
60
Rajput Kingdoms
Small Hindu kingdoms in N India resisting Muslims.
61
Khmer Empire
Cambodian empire, built Angkor Wat.
62
Majapahit
Indonesian empire controlling Indian Ocean trade.
63
Sukhothai Kingdoms
Thai kingdom adopting Theravāda Buddhism.
64
Sinhala dynasties
Sri Lankan Buddhist kingdoms.
65
Angkor Wat
Hindu-Buddhist temple in Cambodia.
66
Todai-ji Temple
Japanese Buddhist temple symbolizing state Buddhism.
67
Borobudur Temple
Buddhist monument in Java, Indonesia.
68
Siddhartha Gautama
Founder of Buddhism, later known as Buddha.
69
Mongols
Nomadic empire builders of Eurasia under Genghis Khan.
70
Monsoon winds
Seasonal winds powering Indian Ocean trade.
71
Byzantine Empire
Eastern Roman Empire preserving Greco-Roman culture.
72
Middle Ages
European period between Rome's fall and Renaissance.
73
Dark Ages
Early medieval period of instability after Rome.
74
Theocracy
Government led by religious authority.
75
Bureaucracy
System of officials running government administration.
76
Pope
Head of Roman Catholic Church.
77
Primogeniture
System where eldest son inherits estate.
78
Medieval humanism
Humanist ideas before the Renaissance.
79
Renaissance
European revival of classical learning/art.
80
Three Estates
Clergy, nobility, and commoners in medieval Europe.
81
Estates-General
French representative body of Three Estates.
82
Chartres Cathedral
Gothic cathedral symbolizing Catholic devotion.
83
Great Schism (1054)
Split between Catholic and Orthodox churches.
84
Roman Catholic Church
Western Christian church under Pope.
85
Eastern Orthodox Church
Eastern Christian church under patriarch.
86
Feudalism
Political/social system of lords, vassals, and land.
87
Manorial system
Economic system of lords' estates in feudal Europe.
88
Serfdom
Peasants bound to land under lord.
89
Three-field system
Crop rotation system boosting yields.
90
Kievan Rus
Slavic state influenced by Byzantium/Orthodox Christianity.
91
Holy Roman Empire
German states under emperor Otto I.
92
Little Ice Age
Climate cooling causing famine in late Middle Ages.
93
Magna Carta
1215 English charter limiting king's power.
94
English Parliament
Representative body limiting monarchy.
95
Woodblock printing
Chinese printing spreading literacy and ideas.
96
Crusades
Religious wars for Holy Land; boosted trade, worsened relations.
97
Tang Dynasty (618-907)
Chinese dynasty known for cultural flowering and expansion.
98
Song Dynasty (960-1279)
Chinese dynasty known for economic growth and innovations.
99
Yuan Dynasty (1271-1368)
Mongol-led dynasty in China under Kublai Khan.
100
Ming Dynasty (1368-1644)
Chinese dynasty restoring native rule, maritime expeditions under Zheng He.
101
Buddhist monasticism
Monks/nuns preserving and spreading Buddhism.
102
Tibetan Buddhism
Vajrayana Buddhism in Tibet, emphasized rituals, Dalai Lama.
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