What is the primary industry?
involves the extraction of raw materials e.g. farming, fishing and mining
What is the secondary industry?
manufacturing of goods using the raw material from primary industry or construction
What is the tertiary industry?
involves the provision of different services to people and to other industries
What is the quaternary industry?
knowledge based sector, mainly found in HIC’s which is concerned with information and communication technology (research and development)
What does the Clark Fisher model show?
changing employment structures in countries at different stages of development
What are the three stages of the Clark Fisher Model?
Pre-industrial, Industrial, Post-industrial
How are the sectors distributed in the first stage of the Clark Fisher Model? An example of a country in this stage?
- around 70% of the population are employed in the primary sector, there is no quaternary sector
- example = Burkino Faso (LIC’s)
- country relies on raw materials
How are the sectors distributed in the second stage of the Clark Fisher Model?
An example of a country in this stage?
- in this stage a countries wealth will increase and factories are built, max 50% of the jobs are in the secondary sector
- primary sector steadily declines and tertiary sector also increases (secondary sector peaks in this stage)
- example = China + Mexico (NEE’s)
How are the sectors distributed in the third stage of the Clark Fisher Model?
An example of a country in this stage?
- primary and secondary continue their decline, tertiary sector is the main sector
- the quaternary begins to increase as new jobs are created in the R & D sector
-example = U.K or Japan (HIC’s)
What is a LEDC?
less economically developed country
What is an MEDC?
more economically developed country
What is a NIC?
newly industrialised country
What factors have influenced the decline in Primary employment?
- depletion of resources
- cheap imports
- mechanisation
- social change (education)
- government policies
What factor have influenced the decline of Secondary employment in manufacturing?
- globalisation
- automation
- cheaper imports from other countries
- government policies
When did the British Coal Industry peak and how many men where employed?
in the 1920’s, 1.2 million men were employed in coal mining pits
Why did the British Coal industry decline?
- more accessible seams of coal became exhausted and the cost of mining increased
- coal became cheaper to import from other countries making the U.K less competitive
In 2012, how much coal was imported into the U.K and from where?
96% of coal was imported from USA, Russia and Columbia
How did government policies lead to the miner’s strike (industrial action)?
Margret Thatchers conservative government announced they intended to close 20 coal mines, resulting in the loss of 20,000 jobs
What year did the miner’s strikes happen?
1984
What were social attitudes towards using coal at the time?
increased concerns about greenhouse gas emissions, global warming
coal = dirty fuel
How many coal fired power stations are left? How many closed between 2015 and 2016
There are 0 left and 4 closed in those years
Where is the world’s largest wind farm and how many houses does it provide for?
London Array opened in 2013, powers 500,000 homes
What is mechanisation?
where machines replace people and this causes a decrease in employment
In 1841, how many workers worked in the agricultural industry, compared to 2011?
1841 = 22%
2011 = less that 100 ppl
