Unit 1

Question 1

Changes from domestication

Answer 1

• Behavioral - Increase approachability, tail wagging, full affinity
• Morphological - floppy ears, coat color, tail curls, higher carb diet, can better digest processed diets
• Polyestrous - increased liter sizes

Question 2

Sporting Group

Answer 2

Bred to assist hunters in the capture and retrieval of feathered game (retrievers, Setters, spaniels, and pointing breeds, Irish Water Spaniel, Nederlandse Kooikerhondje)

Question 3

Hound Group

Answer 3

Bred to pursue warm-blooded quarry (greyhound, dachshund, basset hound, Ibizan Hound)

Question 4

Working Group

Answer 4

Bred to assist humans in some capacity (boxer, rottweiler, great Dane, standard schnauzer)

Question 5

BSL (breed-specific legislation) breeds

Answer 5

Laws that regulate or ban dog breeds which are believed to be dangerous to humans and other animals

Question 6

Terrier Group

Answer 6

Short-legged → bred to go underground in pursuit of rodents and other vermin
Long-legged → bred to dig out varmints rather than burrowing in after them

Question 7

Toy Group

Answer 7

Companion animals, small sizes and come in enough coat types and colors to satisfy nearly any preference (Cavalier King Charles Spaniel, Chinese crested, maltese)

Question 8

Herding Group

Answer 8

Developed for moving (not guarding) livestock (Border collie, Collies, Aussie, Belgian Malinois, German Shepherd, pumi)

Question 9

Non-Sporting Group

Answer 9

Made up of a diverse group of breeds with varying sizes, coats, personalities, and overall appearance – wide variety (bulldog, French bulldog, poodle)

Question 10

How many bones do dogs have? Cats?

Answer 10

Dogs have 319 bones and cats have 240-245 bones

Question 11

Health Considerations for Brachycephalic Heads

Answer 11

eating, breathing, and grooming (french bulldog face)

Question 12

Hip Dysplasia

Answer 12

• Hereditary malformation of the hip joint causes it to be looser than normal
• Caused excessive growth rate, improper weight, certain exercises, and nutrition can amplify this condition
• This leads to deterioration and loss of function
• Usually occurs in large dogs

Question 13

Elbow Dysplasia

Answer 13

• Multiple developmental abnormalities of the elbow, similar to hip dysplasia - 3 bones don’t fit together
• This leads to arthritis and loss of function in joint
• Usually, an inherited condition in large breeds

Question 14

Ruptured Cruciate

Answer 14

• Relationship between the tibial plateau angle and cruciate ligament stability - twisting injury to the knee joint
• Tear due to sudden change in direction

Question 15

Patellar Luxation

Answer 15

• Femoral trochlear groove is flattened so the patella slides medially or laterally
• Kneecap moves out of normal position
• Can’t be fixed genetically
• Effects toy/terriers typically
• Notice dogs skipping

Question 16

Circulatory System Function

Answer 16

Carry nutrients and fresh O2 throughout the body - remove wastes (e.g., CO2) from cells of the body

Question 17

Lymphatic system

Answer 17

Subset of the circulatory system and immune system - drainage system that removes excess fluid from body tissue and returns to the bloodstream

Question 18

Portal circulation

Answer 18

Blood that passes through 2 capillary beds before returning to the heart

Question 19

Vertebral Heart Score (VHS)

Answer 19

Help diagnose any change in heart size- measured on radiographs - enlarged heart → multifactorial causes (genetics, diet)

Question 20

Dilated Cardiomyopathy (DCM)

Answer 20

• The left ventricle, the chamber that pumps oxygenated blood to the body, is enlarged
• The heart does not have the same ability to pump enough oxygen-rich blood to the body
• Usually inherited unless diet related - Taurine in diet prevents this
• This can lead to heart failure

Question 21

Congestive Heart Failure

Answer 21

Long term condition - heart can’t handle amount of blood it should - blood builds up in other parts of the body

Question 22

Heartworms

Answer 22

• Caused by parasitic worm Dirofilaria immitis
• Transmitted by mosquito bite
• Worms live inside the host heart, lungs, and surrounding blood vessels
• Cough, lethargy, decreased appetite, vomiting
• 100% preventable

Question 23

Lymphoma

Answer 23

• Cancer of the white blood cells
• Most common cancer in dogs and cats
• Treatment is chemotherapy

Question 24

Hemangiosarcoma

Answer 24

• Cancer of the endothelial cells that line blood vessels
  – Very aggressive and typically affects the spleen and heart
• Tumors filled with blood rupture easily, causing internal bleeding
• Canine disease (5-7% of tumors seen in dogs)

Question 25

Mast Cell Tumors

Answer 25

- Most common skin cancer in dogs - skin tumor that starts with immune system mast cells - Can be on skin or subcutaneous but will ultimately metastasize to other organs including spleen, liver, intestine and bone marrow - Treated by surgery or radiation

Question 26

Oxytocin

Answer 26

- Hormone released during sex, birth, and lactation - Associated with bonding, reduced fear and anxiety - 5 – 20 min of petting a dog increased oxytocin concentrations in BOTH humans and dogs

Question 27

Neoteny

Answer 27

Selection of juvenile characteristics

Question 28

Biophilia

Answer 28

Appreciation of the natural world

Question 29

Miacids

Answer 29

Extinct group of carnivores that gave rise to all felids and canids

Question 30

What was the first true cat?

Answer 30

Proailurus

Question 31

Domestication

Answer 31

Process of taming an animal in order to increase its utility for humans

Question 32

When was the domestication of the dog?

Answer 32

Over 15,000 years ago from the gray wolf (canis lupus)

Question 33

When was the domestication of the cat?

Answer 33

About 9,500 years ago discovered when a human and a cat were buried together on the Mediterranean island of Cyprus

Question 34

What did cats represent about 4.500 years ago in Eygpt?

Answer 34

Goddess of protection, pleasure, and the bringer of good health

Question 35

What was the first true dog

Answer 35

Tomarctus

Question 36

What is an African wildcat "real name"?

Answer 36

Felis Silvestris Lybica

Question 37

Whats an European Wildcats "real name"?

Answer 37

Felis Silvestris Silvestris

Question 38

What was the original pattern of a cat’s coat?

Answer 38

Mackerel Tabby

Question 39

What in a cat’s eye allows them to see 6 times better than a human?

Answer 39

Tapetum Lucidum

Question 40

AKC dog breed definition

Answer 40

Domestic race of dogs that is selected and maintained by humans with a common gene pool and a characterized appearance and function

Question 41

Mastiff Types

Answer 41

Originated from large wolves in sub-artic regions

Question 42

Spitz Types

Answer 42

Wolf-like dogs with erect ears and curling tails

Question 43

Sighthound Types

Answer 43

Very lean, dolichocephalic; genetically grouped with sheepdog types

Question 44

Sheepdog Types

Answer 44

Dolichocephalic, medium to long coat with medium-build

Question 45

Pointer Types

Answer 45

Medium-sized hunting dog, ancestral to many European breeds

Question 46

Function of Respiratory System

Answer 46

Supplies O2 for the body and removes CO2 produced by cells -Warms, humidifies, and filters inspired air, cools

Question 47

Major components of the Respiratory System

Answer 47

- Nose - Larynx - Trachea - Lungs - Breathing muscles (diaphragm and intercostal)

Question 48

Larynx

Answer 48

Voicebox - opening of the trachea -series of cartilage plates that protect the lower respiratory tract from aspirating food into the trachea

Question 49

Trachea

Answer 49

- Transport air to the lungs - Contains cartilaginous rings to keep the airway from collapsing

Question 50

Lungs

Answer 50

House alveoli where gas exchange occurs

Question 51

COPD/Chronic Bronchitis

Answer 51

-Long-term airway inflammation - Cough that is present most days for a minimum duration of 2 months, without other diseases - Can be caused by long-term exposure to smoke, air pollution, allergens, etc. - Treatments are for quality of life - can't be cured - Medication: (bronchodilators, cough suppressants) and oxygen treatment

Question 52

Tracheal Collapse

Answer 52

- Cartilage rings weaken, rings flatten, narrowing the airway - Common in toy breeds - Sudden dry cough, respiratory intolerance, respiratory distress, some gagging when eating or drinking or when excited - No cure, medical management

Question 53

Do dogs and cats sweat?

Answer 53

They have glands in paw pads that can, but cats do more than dogs

Question 54

How do dogs cool down?

Answer 54

Evaporative cooling ie: panting - Decreased activity keeps internal temp lower - Conduction – contact with cold surfaces (cool tile floors) - Convection – transfer heat through the skin

Question 55

Temp that can turn deadly in dogs? Heat stroke temp? Normal temp?

Answer 55

- Temp over 105 degrees can turn deadly quick - 107 degrees is a heat stroke - 102 degrees is normal

Question 56

First species to be domesticated?

Answer 56

Dog

Question 57

The ancestor of the domestic dog?

Answer 57

Grey wolf

Question 58

True or false? Morphological traits can be quicker manipulated compared to behavioral traits.

Answer 58

False

Question 59

Scientific name of domestic dog

Answer 59

Canis Lupus Familaris

Question 60

What group was bred to hunt and kill vermin?

Answer 60

Terrier group

Question 61

What herding style controls motion with braking/nipping/body contact

Answer 61

Heeler

Question 62

How is VHS determined?

Answer 62

Measure the short and long axes of the heart, line them up with vertebrae, and add them together, compare with the normal rate

Question 63

The most common skin cancer in dogs that starts with the immune system?

Answer 63

Mast cell tumors