Biology Collin Custom Sets > Unit 1 Ap Bio > Flashcards

Unit 1 Ap Bio Flashcards

(63 cards)

Study These Flashcards
1
Q

Define biochemistry.

A

The study of chemical processes within and related to living organisms.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

True or false: Water is a polar molecule.

A

TRUE

Water’s polarity allows it to dissolve many substances, making it a universal solvent.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Fill in the blank: Carbohydrates are primarily composed of _______.

A

Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the function of enzymes?

A

To speed up chemical reactions in biological processes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Define lipids.

A

A group of hydrophobic molecules including fats, oils, and steroids.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

True or false: Proteins are made up of amino acids.

A

TRUE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Fill in the blank: Nucleic acids include DNA and _______.

A

RNA.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the primary role of glucose?

A

To serve as a primary energy source for cells.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Define amino acids.

A

Building blocks of proteins, containing an amino group and a carboxyl group.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

True or false: Phospholipids form the cell membrane.

A

TRUE

Phospholipids create a bilayer that is essential for cell structure.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Fill in the blank: Hydrogen bonds are responsible for water’s _______.

A

Cohesive properties.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is a macromolecule?

A

A large molecule composed of smaller subunits, like proteins or nucleic acids.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Define saturated fats.

A

Fats that contain no double bonds between carbon atoms.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

True or false: RNA is double-stranded.

A

FALSE

RNA is typically single-stranded, unlike DNA.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Fill in the blank: Enzymes lower the _______ of a reaction.

A

Activation energy.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the role of ATP?

A

To provide energy for cellular processes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Define catalyst.

A

A substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction without being consumed.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

True or false: Cholesterol is a type of carbohydrate.

A

FALSE

Cholesterol is a lipid, not a carbohydrate.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Fill in the blank: DNA stands for _______.

A

Deoxyribonucleic acid.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is a polysaccharide?

A

A carbohydrate made up of long chains of monosaccharides.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Define hydrophobic.

A

Having an aversion to water; does not mix with water.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

True or false: Enzymes are specific to their substrates.

A

TRUE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Fill in the blank: Starch is a storage form of glucose in _______.

A

Plants.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is the primary structure of a protein?

A

The sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Define **ionic bond**.
A chemical bond formed through the transfer of electrons between atoms.
26
True or false: **Hydrogen bonds** are stronger than covalent bonds.
FALSE ## Footnote Hydrogen bonds are weaker than covalent bonds.
27
Fill in the blank: **Cellulose** is a structural component of _______.
Plant cell walls.
28
What is the role of **ribosomes**?
To synthesize proteins by translating mRNA.
29
Define **glycogen**.
A storage form of glucose in animals.
30
True or false: **Vitamins** are inorganic nutrients.
FALSE ## Footnote Vitamins are organic compounds essential for various metabolic processes.
31
Fill in the blank: **Peptide bonds** link _______ together.
Amino acids.
32
What is a **substrate** in enzymatic reactions?
The reactant molecule that an enzyme acts upon.
33
Define **denaturation**.
The process in which proteins lose their structure due to external stress.
34
True or false: **Lipids** are soluble in water.
FALSE
35
Fill in the blank: **Nucleotide** consists of a sugar, phosphate, and a _______.
Nitrogenous base.
36
What is the function of **cholesterol** in cell membranes?
To maintain membrane fluidity and stability.
37
Define **hydrophilic**.
Having an affinity for water; mixes well with water.
38
True or false: **Trans fats** are naturally occurring in foods.
FALSE ## Footnote Trans fats are artificially created during hydrogenation.
39
Fill in the blank: **Antibodies** are proteins that help fight _______.
Infections.
40
What is the role of **coenzymes**?
To assist enzymes in catalyzing reactions.
41
Define **monomer**.
A monomer is a small molecule that can join together to form a polymer.
42
True or false: Monomers are the building blocks of polymers.
TRUE
43
Fill in the blank: **Glucose** is a common type of _______.
monomer
44
What is the **structure** of a nucleotide?
A nucleotide consists of a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base.
45
Define **amino acid**.
An amino acid is a monomer that serves as a building block for proteins.
46
True or false: All amino acids have the same structure.
FALSE ## Footnote Amino acids differ in their side chains (R groups).
47
What is the **basic structure** of a fatty acid?
A fatty acid consists of a long hydrocarbon chain and a carboxyl group.
48
Fill in the blank: **Nucleotides** are monomers of _______.
nucleic acids
49
Define **saccharide**.
A saccharide is a type of carbohydrate monomer, such as glucose or fructose.
50
What is a **dimer**?
A dimer is a molecule formed by two monomers bonded together.
51
True or false: Monomers can only be linked by covalent bonds.
FALSE ## Footnote Monomers can also be linked by non-covalent interactions in some cases.
52
Fill in the blank: **Proteins** are polymers made of _______.
amino acids
53
What is the **role** of monomers in biological systems?
Monomers serve as the fundamental units for constructing larger biological macromolecules.
54
Define **polymerization**.
Polymerization is the process of linking monomers to form a polymer.
55
True or false: All monomers can form polymers.
TRUE
56
What type of bond typically links monomers?
Covalent bonds typically link monomers in polymers.
57
Fill in the blank: **Chitin** is a polymer made of _______.
glucosamine monomers
58
What is the **function** of glucose as a monomer?
Glucose serves as a primary energy source and structural component.
59
Define **isomer**.
Isomers are molecules with the same molecular formula but different structures.
60
True or false: Structural isomers have different connectivity of atoms.
TRUE
61
Define **saturated fatty acid**.
A fatty acid with no double bonds between carbon atoms, fully saturated with hydrogen.
62
True or false: **Saturated fats** are typically solid at room temperature.
TRUE ## Footnote Common sources include butter and animal fats.
63
Fill in the blank: **Unsaturated fatty acids** contain at least one _______ bond.
double
Biology Collin Custom Sets
flashcards
Decks in class (10)
# Cards
Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2026 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions