Robert Hooke
- 1st to use the term cells
- described the small chambers within cork
Matthias Schleiden
- botanist who observed plant tissue and described them being composed of cells
- thought cells divided through crystallization instead of cell division
Theodor Schwann
- observed animal tissue
- realized that plant and animal tissues are similar
- cells are important in plant and animal tissue
Robert Remak
- came up with modern cell theory
- cells come from other cells through cell division
- before Virchow
Rudolf Virchow
- published cellular pathology essays
- cell theory became popular through Latin phrase all cells arise from cells
- father of pathology
Key components of Cell Theory
- All living things are made of cells
- The cell is the basic unit of life
3 all new cells arise from existing cells
Key points of Endosymbiotic Theory
Mitochondria and chloroplasts coming me from prokaryotic cells who have a symbiotic relationship with a eukaryotic host
Evidence:
1. Mitochondria/chloroplast dna/structure similar to bacteria
2. Mitochondria/chloroplast ribosomes similar to bacteria
3. Mitochondria/chloroplast similar to binary fission of bacteria instead of mitosis of eukaryotes
Miasma theory
Disease comes from decomposing matter, found in sewage/cesspits
Germ Theory of Disease
Diseases may result from microbial infection
Ignaz Semmelweis
-washing hand between examining patients helped prevent infection
John Snow
- first known epidemiological study: tracked the source of cholera outbreaks to drinking water
- first public response to an epidemic
Snow and Semmelweis
-disease is not only transmitted through the air but also through contaminated items
Louis Pasteur
- airborne microbes caused food spoilage not spontaneous generation
- if microbes caused food spoilage they also could cause infection
Joseph Lister
- implemented phenol spray to disinfect during surgery to reduce post surgery infection
- standard medical practice
Robert Koch
- Koch’s postulates
- established protocol to determine the cause of an infectious disease
Prokaryotic cell characteristics
- no nucleus instead nucleoid
- 1 single circular chromosome found in nucleoid
- domains: Archaea and Bacteria
- no membrane bound organelles
- capsule
Prokaryotic cell morphologies
- Coccus: round
- Bacillus: rod
- Vibrio: curved rod
- Coccobacillus: short rod
- Spirillum: spiral
- Spirochete: loose spiral
Prokaryotic Cell Arrangements
- Coccus: single circle
- Diplococcus: pair of cocci
- Tetrad: Group of four cells in a square shape
- Streptococcus: chain of cocci
- Staphylococcus: cluster of cocci
- Bacillus: single rod
- Streptobacillus: chain of rods
How do prokaryotic cells maintain their morphology?
-cell wall protects from changes in osmotic pressure
Isotonic medium
-solute concentrations inside and outside of the cel are equal
Hypertonic medium
-solute concentration outside the cell is greater than inside so water diffused out of cell
Hypotonic medium
Solute concentration inside the cell is greater than outside
-water moves into the cell, cell can burst
Crenation
-cell is dehydrated/shriveled
Plasmolysis
Plasma membrane detached from cel wall, cell wall remains intact so cell can maintain shape/integrity
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Unit 1: Chapter 360
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Unit 1: Chapter 476
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Unit 1: 5.1 Unicellular Eukaryotic Parasites37
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Unit 1: 5.2 Parasitic Helminths20
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Unit 1: 5.3 Fungi30
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Unit 1: 6.118
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Unit 1: 6.228
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Unit 1: 6.3 Isolation, Culture, and Identication Of Viruses6
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Unit 1: 6.4 Viroids, Virusoids, and prions4
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Unit 2: 13.1 Controlling Microbial Growth25
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Unit 2: 13.2 Using Physical Methods To Control Microorganisms15
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Unit 2: 13.310
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Unit 2: 14.17
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Unit 2: 14.33
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Unit 2: 15.123
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Unit 2: 15.216
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Unit 2: 15.315
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Unit 2: 15.41
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Unit 2: 16.112
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Unit 2: 16.312
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Unit 2: 16.40
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Unit 3: 17.118
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Unit 3: 17.227
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Unit 3: 17.310
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21.111
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21.218
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21.34
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21.47
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Chapter 21 Pathogens/diseases21
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22.12
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22.211
