CIE A level IT 9626 > Unit 1 Data Processing and Information > Flashcards

Unit 1 Data Processing and Information Flashcards

(111 cards)

Study These Flashcards
1
Q

What is data?

A

Raw facts and figures without meaning.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is information?

A

Data that has been processed and given meaning.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Give one example of data.

A

110053, 641609 (postal codes without context).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Give one example of information.

A

Postal codes identified as locations in India.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is data processing?

A

Converting raw data into meaningful information using a computer.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How is data stored in a computer?

A

As binary digits (bits) in the form of ones and zeros.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is direct data?

A

Data collected for a specific purpose by the original source.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Give one example of direct data.

A

Questionnaires completed by residents for a new bus route.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is indirect data?

A

Data obtained from a third party for a different purpose.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Give one example of indirect data.

A

Electoral register used for marketing purposes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Name two sources of direct data.

A

Observation and questionnaires.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Name two sources of indirect data.

A

Research from textbooks and census data.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is a questionnaire?

A

A set of questions designed to gather data from people.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is an interview?

A

A formal meeting where questions are asked and answered.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is observation?

A

Watching and recording what happens in a situation.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is data logging?

A

Using sensors and computers to collect data automatically.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Give one advantage of direct data.

A

Reliable since the source is known.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Give one disadvantage of direct data.

A

Time-consuming and expensive to collect.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Give one advantage of indirect data.

A

Cheaper and quicker to obtain.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Give one disadvantage of indirect data.

A

May not be accurate or relevant.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Name two factors affecting quality of information.

A

Accuracy and relevance.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Why is accuracy important?

A

Incorrect data leads to wrong decisions.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Why is relevance important?

A

Irrelevant data wastes time and money.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

How does age affect information quality?

A

Old data may be inaccurate or outdated.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What does completeness mean in information quality?
Information must cover all relevant parts of a problem.
26
What is encryption?
Converting data into a code to prevent unauthorized access.
27
Why is encryption needed?
To protect personal and confidential information online.
28
What is symmetric encryption?
Encryption using the same key for encryption and decryption.
29
What is asymmetric encryption?
Encryption using a public key to encrypt and a private key to decrypt.
30
What does SSL/TLS stand for?
Secure Sockets Layer / Transport Layer Security.
31
What is the purpose of SSL/TLS?
To secure data transfer between a web server and browser.
32
What does HTTPS indicate?
A secure version of HTTP using SSL/TLS.
33
What is IPsec used for?
Securing data transmitted over a network using encryption.
34
Give one use of encryption in business.
Protecting confidential documents shared online.
35
Give one use of encryption in email.
Preventing hackers from reading email content.
36
What is validation?
Checking that data entered is reasonable and sensible.
37
What is a presence check?
Ensures data is not left blank in a required field.
38
What is a range check?
Ensures data falls within a specified range of values.
39
What is a type check?
Ensures data entered is of the correct data type.
40
What is a length check?
Ensures data entered has the correct number of characters.
41
What is a format check?
Ensures data follows a specific pattern, e.g., license plate format.
42
What is a check digit?
A digit added to verify accuracy of numbers like ISBN.
43
What is a lookup check?
Compares entered data against a list of valid entries.
44
What is a consistency check?
Ensures data across two fields is consistent.
45
What is a limit check?
Ensures data does not exceed a single boundary value.
46
Why is validation needed?
To ensure data entered is sensible and reasonable.
47
Why is verification needed?
To ensure data is accurately transferred or entered.
48
What is the difference between validation and verification?
Validation checks if data is sensible; verification checks if data is correctly copied.
49
What is visual checking?
Manually comparing entered data with the source document.
50
What is double data entry?
Entering data twice and comparing both versions for errors.
51
What is a parity check?
Adds a bit to ensure an even or odd number of 1s for error detection.
52
What is the purpose of a parity check?
To detect errors during data transmission.
53
What is a checksum?
A calculated value used to verify data integrity during transmission.
54
What is the purpose of a checksum?
To ensure data has not been corrupted during transfer.
55
What is a hash total?
Sum of numeric values used to check data integrity.
56
What is a control total?
Meaningful total used to verify correctness of numeric data.
57
Give one advantage of validation and verification.
Ensures data entered and transferred is accurate.
58
Give one disadvantage of validation and verification.
Slows down data processing.
59
What is batch processing?
Processing large volumes of data at scheduled times.
60
Give one example of batch processing.
Utility bill generation.
61
What are master files?
Files storing permanent data like employee details.
62
What are transaction files?
Files storing temporary data like hours worked.
63
What is online processing?
Processing data immediately as it is entered.
64
Give one example of online processing.
Electronic funds transfer (EFT).
65
What does EFT stand for?
Electronic Funds Transfer.
66
What does EFTPOS stand for?
Electronic Funds Transfer at Point of Sale.
67
What is automatic stock control?
System that monitors stock levels and reorders automatically.
68
What is EDI?
Electronic exchange of business documents between systems.
69
Give one advantage of EDI.
Reduces manual data entry and errors.
70
What does B2B stand for?
Business-to-Business transactions.
71
What does B2C stand for?
Business-to-Consumer transactions.
72
Give two advantages of online shopping.
Convenient; Access to a wide range of products.
73
Give two disadvantages of online shopping.
Risk of fraud; Cannot physically inspect products.
74
What does B2C stand for?
Business-to-Consumer.
75
What does B2B stand for?
Business-to-Business.
76
Give one difference between B2C and B2B marketplaces.
B2C sells to individual buyers; B2B sells in bulk to businesses.
77
Why do B2B transactions often include discounts?
Because bulk orders are placed.
78
What does EDI stand for?
Electronic Data Interchange.
79
What is e-procurement?
Software used by sellers and buyers to link directly to each other's systems.
80
Give two advantages of online shopping.
Convenient; Access to a wide range of products.
81
Give two disadvantages of online shopping.
Risk of fraud; Cannot physically inspect products.
82
What is the first step for a new customer on an online shopping site?
Register and enter a username.
83
What is the last step in an online shopping checkout process?
Confirm order.
84
Why is an email address needed in online shopping?
To notify the customer when the order has been received.
85
What is real-time processing?
Processing where the computer responds immediately to inputs.
86
Give one example of real-time processing.
Central heating system.
87
Why is real-time processing important in greenhouses?
To maintain temperature and prevent plant damage.
88
What does a microprocessor do in a central heating system?
Compares temperature from sensor to pre-set value and controls actuators.
89
What is an actuator in a heating system?
Device that opens gas valves or switches the pump on/off.
90
What is the main function of an air-conditioning system?
To cool a room by lowering its temperature.
91
What does a burglar alarm system use to detect intruders?
Sensors such as pressure sensors.
92
Why must traffic light systems use real-time processing?
To change lights immediately when needed.
93
Why must car park barriers use real-time processing?
To raise the barrier instantly when a vehicle presents itself.
94
What is the purpose of a guidance system?
To control movement of ships, aircraft, missiles, etc.
95
Give one input to a guidance system.
Data from sensors or radar.
96
What is an autonomous vehicle?
A vehicle that operates without human intervention.
97
Give two examples of autonomous vehicles.
Driverless cars; UAVs (drones).
98
What is Level 0 autonomy?
No driving automation; human performs all tasks.
99
What is Level 5 autonomy?
Full driving automation; no human required.
100
Give two sensors used in UAVs.
Accelerometers; Gyroscopes.
101
What does GPS do in UAVs?
Helps maintain the correct course.
102
Give one use of drones in agriculture.
Monitoring crops or spraying pesticides.
103
What is an autonomous ship?
A vessel that operates with little or no human intervention.
104
Give one advantage of real-time processing.
Immediate response to inputs.
105
Give one disadvantage of real-time processing.
Expensive as CPU is constantly active.
106
Give one advantage of batch processing.
Cheaper as CPU is used at less busy times.
107
Give one disadvantage of batch processing.
Delay in processing data.
108
What is validation?
Checking that data entered is sensible and reasonable.
109
What is verification?
Checking that data is correctly copied from source.
110
Give two validation checks other than presence check.
Range check; Format check.
111
Give one verification method.
Double data entry.
CIE A level IT 9626
flashcards
Decks in class (12)
# Cards
Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2026 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions