Unit 9 Modelling

Question 1

What is modelling in computing?

Answer 1

Using computers to represent real-life situations for analysis and prediction.

Question 2

What is a prototype?

Answer 2

A physical model built to a smaller scale for testing before full production.

Question 3

What is what-if analysis?

Answer 3

A technique to predict outcomes by changing input values in a model.

Question 4

Why is modelling important?

Answer 4

It helps predict outcomes, test designs, and reduce costs and risks.

Question 5

What is the difference between a computer model and a physical model?

Answer 5

A computer model uses software to simulate scenarios, while a physical model is a tangible representation.

Question 6

Why are spreadsheets suitable for modelling?

Answer 6

They allow easy formula replication, automatic recalculation, and use of relative/absolute referencing.

Question 7

What does automatic recalculation mean?

Answer 7

When input values change, formulas update results instantly.

Question 8

What is the role of cell protection in modelling?

Answer 8

It prevents accidental changes to important formulas or data.

Question 9

What is the benefit of using macros in modelling?

Answer 9

Macros automate repetitive tasks and allow complex calculations.

Question 10

What does conditional formatting do in modelling?

Answer 10

Highlights cells that meet specific criteria for easier analysis.

Question 11

Why are computer models needed for testing?

Answer 11

They allow safe and cost-effective testing without building physical prototypes.

Question 12

How do computer models help with prediction?

Answer 12

They forecast future events like climate change or population growth.

Question 13

Why do computer models save time and money?

Answer 13

They allow multiple tests quickly without physical resources.

Question 14

Give two examples of planning with computer models.

Answer 14

Planning for natural disasters and designing new buildings.

Question 15

Why are computer models safer than physical testing?

Answer 15

They avoid dangerous real-life experiments, such as nuclear reactor tests.

Question 16

What is one benefit of spreadsheet models?

Answer 16

Automatic recalculation when input values change.

Question 17

What is one drawback of spreadsheet models?

Answer 17

Difficult to include every possible variable, reducing accuracy.

Question 18

Why are templates useful in spreadsheet modelling?

Answer 18

They save time by providing pre-designed structures for common tasks.

Question 19

What does validation do in spreadsheets?

Answer 19

Ensures only reasonable and correct data is entered.

Question 20

Give an example of a validation error.

Answer 20

Entering 200000 instead of 10000 for ticket numbers.

Question 21

Give two uses of computer models.

Answer 21

Financial forecasting and weather prediction.

Question 22

What is BIM?

Answer 22

Building Information Modelling, used for planning and managing construction projects.

Question 23

What is CAD?

Answer 23

Computer-Aided Design, used to create 2D and 3D models for construction.

Question 24

Why is CAD useful?

Answer 24

It allows accurate design changes and reduces errors compared to manual drawing.

Question 25

What is one advantage of BIM?

Answer 25

It integrates all design data into one database for collaboration.

Question 26

Why are flight simulators used?

Answer 26

To train pilots safely without using real aircraft.

Question 27

What is one advantage of driving simulators?

Answer 27

They allow drivers to practice in different weather conditions safely.

Question 28

How are simulations used in nuclear science?

Answer 28

To train operators and predict reactor behavior under different conditions.

Question 29

What is one disadvantage of simulations?

Answer 29

They can be expensive and may not perfectly replicate real-world conditions.

Question 30

Give two uses of simulations.

Answer 30

Pilot training and natural-disaster planning.

Question 31

What does the formula =B2*C2*D2 do?

Answer 31

Multiplies the values in cells B2, C2, and D2.

Question 32

What does the formula =60/(MINUTE(B5)) calculate?

Answer 32

The number of widgets a worker makes in one hour based on time per widget.

Question 33

What does the formula =ROUNDUP(B11/(B8*B9),0) do?

Answer 33

Rounds up the number of widgets required to meet production goals.

Question 34

What does the formula =B3+B6 calculate?

Answer 34

Adds the values in cells B3 and B6.

Question 35

Why use absolute referencing in formulas?

Answer 35

To keep a cell reference fixed when copying formulas.

Question 36

Why are spreadsheets faster than manual calculations?

Answer 36

They update results automatically when data changes.

Question 37

What is the benefit of using graphs in spreadsheets?

Answer 37

Graphs help visualize trends and patterns in data.

Question 38

Why is automatic updating useful?

Answer 38

It saves time and reduces errors when input values change.

Question 39

What does conditional formatting highlight?

Answer 39

Cells that meet specific conditions, such as values above a threshold.

Question 40

Why is validation important?

Answer 40

It prevents incorrect or unreasonable data from being entered.

Question 41

Why can spreadsheet models be inaccurate?

Answer 41

They may not include all variables or real-life factors.

Question 42

Why is predicting trends difficult?

Answer 42

Unexpected events can affect outcomes, making predictions unreliable.

Question 43

What is one limitation of financial models?

Answer 43

They cannot perfectly predict future spending or borrowing patterns.

Question 44

Why do spreadsheet models require training?

Answer 44

Users need to understand formulas and avoid errors.

Question 45

What is one risk of human error in spreadsheet models?

Answer 45

Incorrect data entry can lead to inaccurate results.

Question 46

What is population modelling used for?

Answer 46

To predict population growth and its effects on resources.

Question 47

What is weather modelling used for?

Answer 47

To forecast weather conditions and predict climate changes.

Question 48

Why do climate models require supercomputers?

Answer 48

They involve complex calculations and large datasets.

Question 49

What is queue management modelling?

Answer 49

To reduce waiting times and improve service efficiency.

Question 50

What is traffic flow modelling?

Answer 50

To study vehicle movement and reduce congestion.

Question 51

What does CAD stand for?

Answer 51

Computer-Aided Design.

Question 52

What does BIM stand for?

Answer 52

Building Information Modelling.

Question 53

Why is CAD more accurate than manual drawing?

Answer 53

It reduces errors and allows easy modifications.

Question 54

What is one disadvantage of CAD?

Answer 54

It can be expensive and requires training.

Question 55

What is one advantage of BIM?

Answer 55

It integrates all project data for better planning and collaboration.

Question 56

Why are simulators cost-effective?

Answer 56

They reduce the need for real prototypes and allow safe training.

Question 57

What is one drawback of simulators?

Answer 57

They may not perfectly replicate real-world conditions.

Question 58

Why do airlines use flight simulators?

Answer 58

To train pilots without risking real aircraft.

Question 59

What is one use of driving simulators?

Answer 59

To teach drivers how to handle different weather conditions.

Question 60

Why are nuclear reactor simulations important?

Answer 60

They help train operators and predict reactor behavior safely.

Question 61

What is the purpose of Goal Seek in Excel?

Answer 61

To find the input value needed to achieve a specific result in a formula.

Question 62

In Goal Seek, what does the 'Set cell' option mean?

Answer 62

The cell containing the formula whose result you want to change.

Question 63

What does the 'To value' option in Goal Seek do?

Answer 63

Specifies the target value you want the formula to return.

Question 64

What does the 'By changing cell' option in Goal Seek do?

Answer 64

Indicates which input cell Excel should adjust to reach the target value.

Question 65

What does the Goal Seek Status window display?

Answer 65

It shows whether the target value was reached and the final solution.

Question 66

What is the purpose of a test plan in spreadsheets?

Answer 66

To check that formulas produce expected results and identify errors.

Question 67

What does the formula =B14+B13 calculate?

Answer 67

Adds the values in cells B14 and B13.

Question 68

Why do companies use driving simulators?

Answer 68

To allow customers to test cars safely without being on the road.

Question 69

What is one benefit of using computer simulation for training?

Answer 69

It reduces risk and cost compared to real-world training.

Question 70

What is one drawback of using computer models to predict climate change?

Answer 70

They may not account for all variables, reducing accuracy.

Question 71

Describe one effect of using driving simulators on customers.

Answer 71

Customers can experience car features safely before purchase.

Question 72

Why does an engineering company use computer systems for training?

Answer 72

To familiarize employees with new systems before real-world use.

Question 73

Why is rounding important in financial models?

Answer 73

To present clear and accurate figures for decision-making.

Question 74

What is What-If Analysis in Excel?

Answer 74

A set of tools to predict outcomes by changing input values.

Question 75

Name two What-If Analysis tools in Excel.

Answer 75

Goal Seek and Scenario Manager.

Question 76

What does Scenario Manager do?

Answer 76

Allows you to create and compare different sets of input values.

Question 77

What is the difference between Goal Seek and Scenario Manager?

Answer 77

Goal Seek finds one solution; Scenario Manager compares multiple scenarios.

Question 78

Why is Goal Seek useful in business?

Answer 78

It helps determine required inputs to achieve specific targets.