Unit 1 Instructor notes

Question 1

OUTLINE

Answer 1

• Intro to Assessment
• Preliminary Assessment
• Indirect Assessment
• Descriptive Assessment
• Outcomes

Question 2

Behavioral Assessment

Answer 2

*Systematically gathering information to make treatment decisions

•Purpose:
–Determine if intervention is needed
–Inform the treatment plan
–Evaluate effectiveness

Question 3

Assessment Includes

Answer 3

*Preliminary screening
•Indirect assessment
•Direct observation/Descriptive Assessment
•Systematic manipulation/ Functional Analysis

Question 4

Methods for Assessment

Answer 4

• Interviews
• Checklists
• Observations
• Systematic Manipulations

Question 5

ABA Service delivery model

Answer 5

• Assess
• Develop
• Train
• Implement
• Monitor and evaluate
• Revise

Question 6

Preliminary Assessment

Answer 6

*Broad in Scope; Low in fidelity

*Goals:
–Gather basic information
–Determine if behavioral services are needed or others
–Recommend a plan

Question 7

*Steps in Preliminary Assessment

Answer 7

• Consent
• Resources
• Paperwork
• Records
• Meet and observe
• Document

Question 8

Indirect Assessment

Answer 8

• Information gathered through verbal accounts, not through observation
• Scope:–Broad but narrowing
• Fidelity:–Low but rising

Question 9

Indirect Assessment

Types

Answer 9

• Records review
• Structural Forms
• Interviews

Question 10

Descriptive Assessments

Answer 10

• Observing and measuring behavior in the natural environment
• Scope:–Medium (but narrowing)–Focus on specific behavior; includes observations

Question 11

Descriptive Assessments

Answer 11

•Observing and measuring behavior in the natural environment
•Scope:–Medium (but narrowing)–Focus on specific behavior
*Fidelity:
-Low- Medium (but rising)
-Includes observations, but not manipulations

Question 12

Descriptive Assessment

Types

Answer 12

• Narrative recording
• ABC data collection
• Scatterplot
• Data collection across conditions

Question 13

Narrative recording

Answer 13

*Observer writes descriptions of behavior and environment in real time
•Gives information about context
•Can identify additional targets

Question 14

ABC data collection

Answer 14

*Observer records what happens immediately before a response; the response itself; and what happens after the response
•Can uses coded forms or open ended
•Narrower scope than narrative recording

Question 15

Scatterplots

Answer 15

Records the occurrence of behavior across hours of the day, and days of the week

Question 16

Data Collection Across Conditions

Answer 16

• Record occurrences of behavior in different naturally occurring contexts
• Looking for when behavior is likely to occur
• And when it is unlikely to occur

Question 17

Outcomes

Answer 17

• Ultimate outcomes
• Intermediate outcomes
• Short-term objectives
• All should be measurable

Question 18

Intermediate outcomes

Answer 18

• Smaller goals that lead to achieving ultimate outcome

- Could be sequential or concurrent

Question 19

Short-term outcomes

Answer 19

• Specific change in response or behavior

* These lead to intermediate outcomes

Question 20

Assessments that involve asking about behavior, but not observing behavior are called what?

a. Indirect Assessments b.Descriptive Assessments
c. Functional Analyses

Answer 20

a. Indirect Assessments

Question 21

Lisa is working with a new client, she is about to train relevant people on how to carry out the procedures. What should she have already done?

a. Conducted assessments
b. Developed the plan
c. Implemented the plan
d. Monitored the implementation

Answer 21

a. Conducted assessments

b. Developed the plan

Question 22

Maddie is about to meet a client and begin initial observations. What should she have already completed in her screening process?

a. Reviewed records
b. Completed documentation
c. Completed intake paperwork
d. Ensured consent

Answer 22

a. Reviewed records
c. Completed intake paperwork
d. Ensured consent

Question 23

Preliminary screening will include a wide range of behavior and situations, meaning it is:

a. Broad in scope
b. Narrow in scopec.High in fidelity
d. Low in fidelity

Answer 23

a. Broad in scope

Question 24

Indirect assessments begin to focus in on more specific situations and behavior, meaning:

a. Scope was narrow, but is becoming broad
b. It has the narrowest scope
c. Scope is still broad but begins to narrow

Answer 24

c. Scope is still broad but begins to narrow

Question 25

Brenda gives a caregiver a form to fill out with questions regarding situations in which problem behavior is likely to occur. Which type of assessment tool is she using? a. Interview b. Records review c. Structured form d. Preliminary assessment

Answer 25

c. Structured form

Question 26

Which describes records review? a. Having a teacher fill out a questionnaire b. Looking through previous reports c. Asking a staff member to describe situations d. Observing a client in the natural environment

Answer 26

b. Looking through previous reports

Question 27

Dawn sits down with a caregiver and asks them questions about times of the day that are the most difficult and has them describe what typically occurs. What assessment tool is this? a. Narrative recording b. ABC recording c. Interview d. Records review

Answer 27

c. Interview

Question 28

ASRWhich is an example of ABC recording?

Answer 28

Dawn writes, “Instructed to ‘clean up’ as and antecedent; “Dropped to the floor and cried” as a behavior; and “Placed into time out” as a consequence

Question 29

Frankie is collecting data on when to behavior occurs. He has a form which breaks the day into 15 minute bins, and he will collect across several days. Which assessment tool is Frankie using? a. ABC recording b. Narrative recording c. Scatterplot d. Data collection across conditions

Answer 29

c. Scatterplot

Question 30

Which have narrower scope? a. Indirect assessments b. Descriptive assessments

Answer 30

b. Descriptive assessments

Question 31

Travis is counting the number of times his client hits peers during recess as well as how often his client his peers during structured time inside. Which assessment tool is Travis using? a. Data collection across context b. Narrative recording c. Scatterplot d. ABC data collection

Answer 31

a. Data collection across context

Question 32

Why are descriptive assessments higher fidelity than indirect assessments? a. Indirect assessments use systematic manipulations b. Indirect assessments are narrower in scope c. Descriptive assessments ask about specific behavior types d. Descriptive assessments use observations in real-time

Answer 32

d. Descriptive assessments use observations in real-time

Question 33

Rodney wants a job at the local zoo. He has been working towards following his daily schedule. Lately, the BCBA has a program in place to develop setting an alarm. What is the ultimate outcome?-Employed by the zoo

Answer 33

a. What is the ultimate outcome?-Employed by the zoo b. What is the intermediate outcome?-Follows his daily schedule c. What is the short-term objective?-Sets an alarm

Question 34

Behavioral (Functional) Assessment

Answer 34

*A systematic gathering of information to make data-based decisions, regarding behavior and the environment

Question 35

Functional Assessment: Purpose

Answer 35

* To Determine if problem exists–Determine whether or not to intervene * Describe Behavior and environment - Observable/ measurable behavior (not a symptom) * Determine/describe Functional relations–Bx is situation specific

Question 36

Functional Assessment: Purpose | Continued

Answer 36

* Provide info needed for Behavior plans–Where/ how/when to intervene * Monitor Program implementation –On-going assessment * Evaluate treatment effectiveness * Evaluate maintenance and generalization

Question 37

Indirect Assessment

Answer 37

-Recored Review, pencil in & Paper tools (Questionnaires), Functional (behavioral) interview

Question 38

Direct/ Descriptive Assessment

Answer 38

-Direct Observation, Narrative Recording, ABC recording (Sequence analysis), Scatterplot (Pattern analysis)

Question 39

Functional Analysis

Answer 39

- Scope: Range of info gathered & degree of focus on the issue in an assessment - What did the assessment focus on? * Fidelity: quality of the information provided by assessment in terms of behavioral function–was the assessment accurate?

Question 40

Behavioral assessments are meant to do all of the following except: A. describe behavior and the environment B. determine functional relationships C. contribute to a diagnosis D. evaluate maintenance and generalizationE.all of the above are correct

Answer 40

C. contribute to a diagnosis

Question 41

Behavior assessments are performed in order to decide: ``` A. where to intervene B. how to intervene C. what functional relations are salient to the problem D. whether or not to intervene E. all of the above ```

Answer 41

E. all of the above

Question 42

Functional Assessment Overview

Answer 42

- Referral - Intake/ Screening - Initial general disposition - Preliminary statement of problem - Indirect assessment measures - Direct assessment measures - Functional analysis-if indicated - Assessment summary/ report

Question 43

Preliminary Assessment | Initial assessment phase

Answer 43

* Initial assessment phase where the broad outline of the case and details of the presenting problem are first evaluated * Broad scope, low fidelity

Question 44

Preliminary Assessment | Screening

Answer 44

–What’s the problem? –Are behavioral services appropriate? –Am I qualified?

Question 45

Preliminary Assessment

Answer 45

* Determine who has authority to give consent | * Confirm that you have permission, skills, time & resources to begin assessment

Question 46

Preliminary Assessment | -Identify Problem

Answer 46

–Skill deficit/”Can’t do”–Performance problem •Won’t do” •Does, but no mastery/fluency/adequate frequency

Question 47

Preliminary Assessment•

Answer 47

•Are ABA services needed? –Other services may be required first (e.g., medical, counseling, etc), and would require referral –Problem may not be behavior problem, may not be with person referred, may not be significant enough, or may not have necessary support and resources

Question 48

Preliminary Assessment

Answer 48

* Are ABA services needed?–If appropriate, determine whether to * take the case * identify simple changes that may reduce need for services * begin to identify outcomes

Question 49

Preliminary Assessment

Answer 49

``` •Complete intake paperwork •Records review •Meet and begin observations –Establish rapport –Conduct preliminary interview –Informal observations –Describe services, contract –Get consent signatures •Document ```

Question 50

``` The preliminary assessment phase is: A. Broad in scope and low in fidelity B. Broad in scope and high in fidelity C. Narrow in scope and low in fidelity D. Narrow in scope and high in fidelity ```

Answer 50

A. Broad in scope and low in fidelity

Question 51

Bindi has received a referral regarding an eight year-old child who engages in aggressive behavior at home. She has discussed this case with the child’s mother, and has determined that it does indeed seem to be a behavior problem, and that behavioral services are appropriate. What does Bindi need to determine next?

Answer 51

D. Whether she is qualified and available to take the case

Question 52

Indirect Assessment

Answer 52

* “Tell me”methods * A process in which information is gathered on behavior through descriptions and recollections rather than through direct observation * Used mostly in preliminary stages * May be conducted in office * Broad-medium scope, low-medium fidelity

Question 53

Indirect Assessment

Answer 53

- Record reviews - Interviews - Paper-&-pencil questionnaire

Question 54

Indirect Assessment:Records Review

Answer 54

Gather information on current/past behavioral repertoire, environmental factors, and medical history –Evaluations/assessment –Support Plans, Treatment plans, IEP, etc. –Activity/class schedule –Progress notes –Incident/”Disciplinary”reports –Correspondence/e-mail

Question 55

Indirect Assessment: Structured Forms

Answer 55

Functional Assessment Forms–Durand’s Motivational Assessment Scale (MAS) –Iwata’s Functional Assessment screening Tool (FAST) –Questions About Behavioral Function (QABF)

Question 56

Indirect Assessment: Behavior (functional) interview

Answer 56

Consists of questions to ask within pre-selected topics (e.g., O’Neill, et al.) ``` •Identify, define, and describe: –Behavior –potential ecological events –events that predict behavior –potential function of behavior ```

Question 57

Indirect Assessment:Behavior (functional) interview Identify, define and describe

Answer 57

–efficiency of behaviors –functionally equivalent alternative behavior, communication methods –potential reinforcers –history of person’s major life events and treatments

Question 58

Indirect methods of assessment include all of the following EXCEPT: A. Narrative recording B. interviewing parents or caregivers C. direct interviews with the person doing the behavior D. paper and pencil questionnaires

Answer 58

A. Narrative recording

Question 59

Matt has received a referral for a child who engages in aggressive behavior. He is now looking at past reports including IEPs, incident reports and past treatment plans. He is conducting_____. ``` A. ABC data collection B. Scatter plot C. Narrative recording D. Record reviews E. Interviews ```

Answer 59

D. Record reviews

Question 60

Matt then schedules a meeting with the child’s parents. During this time he asks lots of questions regarding the behaviors of concern. He also uses the MAS and records the parent’s responses. Matt is conducting: ``` A. ABC data collection B. Scatter plot C. Narrative recording D. Record reviews E. Interviews ```

Answer 60

E. Interviews

Question 61

During the interview, Matt asks the caregivers what types of things the child likes. He asks them about edible items, toys, activities, etc. Matt is most likely trying to identify: A. Potential reinforcers B. Potential function of the behavior C. Items/events which may predict the occurrence of the behavior D. None of the above: Matt is just making small talk to build rapport

Answer 61

A. Potential reinforcers

Question 62

The question: "Are there certain times or events that you know will lead to the child behaving this way" is attempting to assess: a) Diagnosis b) Antecedents c) Topography d) Consequences

Answer 62

b) Antecedents

Question 63

Direct Descriptive Assessment

Answer 63

- "Show me" methods - "Sine qua non": essential component to Bx assessment - Process of observing bx as it occurs in real time & the Env in which Bx occurs - Medium scope, low-medium fidelity

Question 64

Direct Descriptive Assessment: Methods

Answer 64

- Narrative Recording - ABC data collection - Scatterplots

Question 65

Narrative Recording

Answer 65

•Narrative recording aka Anecdotal Observation –Observe individual’s behavior and environmental events for a specific amount of time –Write down description of the environmental conditions under which the behaviors were emitted •Loosely written, not easily quantified or graphed

Question 66

ABC Data Collection

Answer 66

-Forms allow for collection data on behavior, antecedents, and consequences •Examples: –O’Neill, et al, Functional Observation Form –Behavior Incident Report –ABC Charting –Other ABC forms...

Question 67

ABC Data Collection

Answer 67

* These observations are done: - In real time, in the natural environment - By trained, independent, objective observers (as much as possible) - Are noted immediately after bx occurs

Question 68

Sequence Analysis

Answer 68

* A systematic presentation and examination of data regarding behavior and stimulus conditions in A-B-C format * Done after narrative recording and/or ABC data collection * Example: “When Johnny is denied requests, he will cry and scream. This often results in his gaining access to the requested activity.”

Question 69

Scatter Plot

Answer 69

* A data collection form for problem behavior and the intervals of time the behavior occurs * Provides graphic display of the data (grid) * Used to identify patterns of responding in natural settings

Question 70

Scatter Plot | Cont...d

Answer 70

•Using a scatter plot –Break vertical axis into time intervals (activity schedule) –Break horizontal axis into successive days –Decide to use occurrence vs. nonoccurrence OR 3 discrete categories (none, low, high) –Recording occurs at the end of the interval

Question 71

Scatter Plot (cont...d)

Answer 71

•Interpreting scatter plot data –When (in time) is behavior most vs. least likely to occur? What is going on during those times? –IDs similarities in times when behavior occurs

Question 72

Pattern Analysis

Answer 72

* Systematic presentation and/or examination of data regarding problem behavior and its conditions (based on scatterplot) * ID the variations in when problem behavior occurs in relation to certain time frames and certain stimulus conditions

Question 73

Pattern Analysis Example

Answer 73

“Tantrums and aggression are most likely to occur during morning and evening routines at home; aggression only occurs following tantrums.”

Question 74

Data Collection across Conditions

Answer 74

•Assessment of the probability of behavior within different environmental contexts •No systematic manipulation •Analyze conditions under which behavior tends to occur –Identifying EOs, SDs, and reinforcers

Question 75

Which of the following are not direct assessment methods? ``` A. ABC data collection B.Scatterplot C.Narrative recording D.Interviews E.All are direct measurement methods ```

Answer 75

D. Interviews

Question 76

“The teacher is lecturing the class. Johnny is drawing in his notebook. The teacher tells him to get on task. A minute later, Johnny throws a piece of paper at the child next to him. The teacher tells Johnny to take his chair and go sit in the hallway”. This is most likely the result of which assessment procedure? A.ABC data collection B.Scatterplot C. Narrative recording D. Interviews

Answer 76

C. Narrative recording

Question 77

“When the teacher lectures to the class, Johnny engages in disruptive behaviors, This typically results in being placed out of the class.”This statement represents a: A. Functional Analysis B. Pattern Analysis C. Sequence Analysis D. Reinforcer assessment

Answer 77

C. Sequence Analysis

Question 78

“Johnny is most likely to engage in disruptive behavior from 10-11AM, and 1-2PM. ”This is most likely the result of which assessment procedure? A. ABC data collection B. Scatterplot C. Narrative recording D. Interviews

Answer 78

B. Scatterplot

Question 79

“Johnny is most likely to engage in disruptive behavior from 10-11AM, and 1-2PM.”This statement represents a(n): A. Functional Analysis B. Pattern Analysis C. Sequence Analysis D. Reinforcer assessment

Answer 79

B. Pattern Analysis

Question 80

“Johnny is most likely to engage in targeted behaviors during Math and Social Studies. Verbal aggression and physical aggression often occur concurrently.” This statement represents a: A. Functional Analysis B. Pattern Analysis C. Sequence Analysis D. Reinforcer assessment

Answer 80

B. Pattern Analysis

Question 81

When conducting direct assessment, it is determined that before Chad exhibits disruptive behavior in the classroom, blurting out comments such as “I can’t do it!”, he often makes several grunts and pounds his desk. In relation to the disruptive behavior, Chad's grunts and pounding represent: A. An antecedent B. A consequence C. A precursor D. A competing response topography

Answer 81

C. A precursor

Question 82

Ultimate and Intermediate Outcomes

Answer 82

Ultimate outcomes are big picture, lifestyle changes for the individual –Long-term –Reflect: choice, access to reinforcers, avoidance of aversive stimuli, health/safety, Interpersonal relationships, variety of activities, etc. –Related to: Home, work/school, leisure

Question 83

Ultimate and Intermediate Outcomes

Answer 83

•Intermediate outcomes are descriptions of behavior change that will lead to the ultimate outcome –May be sequential, or concurrent •From these, we can select specific skills for acquisition and develop task analyses!•How is behavior related to outcomes? Behavior LEADS to outcomes!

Question 84

Short Term Objectives

Answer 84

Objective, measurable behavioral targets leading to the meeting of intermediate objectives.

Question 85

Short Term Objectives

Answer 85

- Name of consumer - Target behavior for change - Type of measurement used - Direction of change - Current level of bx - Target level of bx - Success criteria (time over which target level must be obtained in order for the objective to be considered as met) - Target date for reaching the success criteria

Question 86

Short Term Objectives

Answer 86

-"Client will (direction of change) (Measure) of (Target Bx) from (current level) to (target level) (context or conditions) for (Success criterion) by (target date or length of time)"

Question 87

Short Term Objectives | E.g.

Answer 87

“Bobby will decrease rate of hand biting from 6 per day to 2 per day for three consecutive months by 12/31/2007.”

Question 88

Sage will take out the garbage with 100% independence for 6 consecutive weeks. ``` A. Type of measurement used B. Direction of change C. Current level of behavior D. Target level of behavior E. Success criterion F. Target date for reaching the success criteria ```

Answer 88

B. Direction of change C. Current level of behavior F. Target date for reaching the success criteria Sage will increase the percent of steps completed independently while taking out the garbage from 50% to 100% for 6 consecutive weeks by September 30

Question 89

Bob will decrease cursing in the group home for two consecutive months by 12/31. ``` A. Type of measurement used B. Direction of change C. Current level of behavior D. Target level of behavior E. Success criterion F. Target date for reaching the success criteria ```

Answer 89

A. Type of measurement used C. Current level of behavior D. Target level of behavior Rewrite! Bob will decrease rate of cursing in the group home from 10x/day to 2x/day for two consecutive months by 12/31.

Question 90

Tom will increase the rate of appropriate manding at school from 0 per day to once per day by the end of the school year. ``` A. Type of measurement used B. Direction of change C. Current level of behavior D. Target level of behavior E. Success criterion F. Target date for reaching the success criteria ```

Answer 90

E. Success criterion Rewrite! Tom will increase the rate of appropriate manding at school from 0 per day to once per day for 4 consecutive weeks, by the end of the school year.

Question 91

Behavioral Assessment

Answer 91

A way to systematically gather information to make data-based decisions, regarding behavior and the environment

Question 92

Purpose of Behavioral Assessment

Answer 92

* Does a problem exist? (If yes- does it warrant intervention?) - Describe bx & env - Pinpoint Functional relations - Provide functional relations - Provide info that informs bx plans - Monitor program implementation - Evaluate treatment effectiveness - Evaluate maintenance & Generalization

Question 93

Which of the follow is NOT one of the 3 behavioral assessment methods: A) Preliminary indirect assessment B) Psychological assessment C) Direct descriptive assessment D) Functional analysis

Answer 93

B) Psychological assessment

Question 94

Functional Assessment Scope

Answer 94

Refers to the RANGE of information gathered and degree of focus on the issue in an assessment •How much info can we get?•What was the assessment focused on?

Question 95

Functional Assessment Fidelity:

Answer 95

The ACCURACY of information gathered in an assessment | •Really has to do with validity and reliability

Question 96

Referral Problem

Answer 96

* What brought the case to you? * Why are you being asked to provide services on this case? * So, you have to look at the referral (the issues) to see if it is appropriate case for you * There are different categories of different types of problems

Question 97

A skill deficit is also known as: A)“Can’t do” problem B)“Won’t do” problem

Answer 97

A. "Can't do" Problem = Performance problem

Question 98

Preliminary Assessment | AKA "Screening"

Answer 98

•Initial assessment phase where the broad outline of the case and details of the presenting problem are first evaluated. * Does this case belong here? Is it appropriate for me to take on? * If the answer is yes, then next step is to figure out what assessments would be useful for this case?

Question 99

Preliminary Assessment

Answer 99

*Scope = Broad Why? cuz we get a lot of info across a broad range of topics & bxs *Fidelity = Low Why? cuz info widely varies in value & accuracy

Question 100

Preliminary assessment steps

Answer 100

1. Determine who has the authority to give consent for services 2. Determine if you have the permission, skills, time, and resources to begin the assessment AND to provide the follow-up behavioral services 3. Complete initial intake paperwork or the equivalent (mainly clerical)

Question 101

Preliminary Assessment Steps

Answer 101

4. Initial review of available records/ data | 5. Meet the client, if appropriate, for initial observations 6. Document the“disposition"

Question 102

Why does the preliminary assessment have a broad scope?

Answer 102

-Because it assess a WIDE range of behaviors | •And the fidelity is LOW because INFO VARIES in value and ACCURACY

Question 103

Susan is in the middle of a preliminary assessment. She just finished completing the initial intake paperwork. What should she do next? A) Determine who has the authority to give consent B) Document the disposition C) Review available records and data D) Determine if she has the skills and time to being assessment

Answer 103

C) Review available records and data

Question 104

The very first step of the preliminary assessment is to: A) Accept case with a smile on your face B) Meet the client and complete initial observations C) Determine who has the authority to give consent D)Complete the in take paperwork

Answer 104

C) Determine who has the authority to give consent

Question 105

Indirect Assessment

Answer 105

* A process in which information is gathered on behavior through DESCRIPTIONS & RECOLLECTIONS rather than through direct observations •Hence “tell me methods” * Use this in preliminary stages •Scope: Broad-medium •Fidelity: low-medium

Question 106

Which of the following is NOTa type of indirect assessment method? A) Records Review B) Interviews C) Scatterplot D) Questionnaires

Answer 106

C) Scatterplot

Question 107

Behavioral Interview

Answer 107

* Series of questions posed by a behavior analyst to caregiver/ guardian/teacher etc. (individual who is familiar with the behavior of the client) * Pre selected topics * Structured sequence

Question 108

Behavioral Interview: the process

Answer 108

* Prior to interview•Which instrument? Who? Where? When? Make an appointment * Beginning of interview * Build rapport, informally observe * During an interview * Ask open-ended questions, follow-up questions, Acknowledge responses, write notes or record * After interview * Review notes/recording(s), summarize the findings, decide whether to continue with behavioral assessment

Question 109

Tina the BCBA gives the parents of her client each a copy of the MAS to fill out on their own and independently. What assessment is Tina using? A) Records review B) Behavioral interview C) Questionnaire/structured form

Answer 109

C) Questionnaire/ structured form

Question 110

Tara is looking at previous VBMAPP results for a potential client. The VBMAPP she is looking at was conducted a year ago. What assessment is Tara using? A) Records review B) Behavioral interview C) Questionnaire/structured form

Answer 110

A) Records review

Question 111

Snoopy the BCBA meets with his client’s teacher to discuss dangerous behavior the client started engaging in recently. Snoopy begins by thanking the teacher for taking the time out of their busy day to meet with him and praises her for how she has handled the situation thus far. Snoopy then asks the teacher a variety of open-ended questions. What assessment is Snoopy using? A) Records review B) Behavioral interview C) Questionnaire/structured form

Answer 111

B) Behavioral interview

Question 112

Direct Descriptive Assessment

Answer 112

Process of direct observation and measurement of behavior and the environment where the behavior occurs •AKA “Show me” methods •YOU HAVE TO USE THIS–otherwise you are NOT doing BEHAVIORAL ASSESSMENT

Question 113

Direct Descriptive Assessment

Answer 113

* Medium but narrowing scope, low-medium but rising fidelity | * Behavior is observed & measured in REAL-LIFE context with NO ENVIRONMENTAL MANIPULATIONS!

Question 114

•Direct descriptive assessment has...

Answer 114

A) Medium but narrowing scope; low to medium fidelity | B) Medium but narrowing fidelity; low to medium scope

Question 115

•Direct descriptive assessment has... A) Medium but narrowing scope; low to medium fidelity B) Medium but narrowing fidelity; low to medium scope

Answer 115

A) Medium but narrowing scope; low to medium fidelity

Question 116

Narrative Recording

Answer 116

* AKA anecdotal observation * Written description of behavior and environmental conditions under which those behaviors occur over time * Purpose: gather information about the setting, context, other events, problem behavior etc. * NO INFERENCES * Scope: Medium but broadens out * Fidelity:low-medium

Question 117

ABC data collection What is it: observer records ALL occurrences of TB(s), antecedents & consequences

Answer 117

* Purpose: * 1) Collect info on antecedents and consequences * 2) Identifies themes in sequences * 3) Helps hypothesize function * Scope: medium band (narrower than narrative recording) * Fidelity: medium

Question 118

Sequence analysis

Answer 118

•Examination of narrative or ABC recording data to IDENTIFY the ORDER of environmental events in relation to a target behavior * What do we get out of it? * IS THERE A SEQUENCE OF EVENTS THAT PREDICTABLE?

Question 119

Scatterplot

Answer 119

Data collection form for recording the times of day which a TB has occurred (typically dividing days of the week into blocks of time)

Question 120

Scatterplot Purpose:

Answer 120

* Identify patterns of responding in the natural setting * Doesn’t tell us anything about potential functions * Answers more of the question, “WHEN” is the behavior occurring * Scope: Medium-narrow band * Fidelity:Low-medium

Question 121

Using a Scatterplot

Answer 121

* Super easy to create and use•Break vertical axis into time intervals (context or activities) * Break horizontal axis into successive days•Are you going to use simple occurrence or nonoccurence per given interval? Or will you use discrete categories?•Recording is done at the end of each interval•After being filled out, you get a graphic display of data in a grid format

Question 122

Pattern Analysis

Answer 122

* This is what we do to interpret a scatterplot * Examination of scatterplot data to identify specific time frames and potential environmental contexts/activities under which behavior occurs or does not occur

Question 123

A ______ informs a pattern analysis while ______ and _______ inform a sequence analysis A) ABC data collection; narrative recording and scatterplot B) Scatterplot; ABC data collection and narrative recording

Answer 123

B) Scatterplot; ABC data collection and narrative recording

Question 124

Data collection across conditions

Answer 124

* Collecting data on TB across different contexts and conditions (no systematic manipulation) * You are basically taking data in different settings and/ or conditions to see what is the likelihood of the behavior occurring in those settings/ conditions (e.g., school versus home; math class versus gym class)•Analyze conditions under which behavior tends to occur•Identifying EOs, SDs, and reinforcers

Question 125

Andy is a BCBA and is observing his client, Milo. Andy collects data on the target behavior at home (with and without parents in the same room), at school, and at grandma’s house. Andy is attempting to identify the likelihood of the TB occurring in those settings and under those conditions. Which assessment method is Andy using? A) Narrative recording B) Data collection across conditions C) ABC data collection D) Scatterplot

Answer 125

B) Data collection across conditions

Question 126

Miranda is assessing her client, Patty’s compliance at home. Patty tends to stay on her computer after her mother delivers an instruction (e.g., come to dinner, take a shower etc.) Miranda gives Patty’s mom a data sheet to fill out for her to help in this assessment. The data sheet is broken up into 3 columns. In the first column, mom should write down exactly what she told Patty to do. Mom will wait 20 seconds for a response. In the second column, she will write down what Patty did. In the third column she will write down exactly what she said/did in response to Patty’s response to her request. Which assessment method is Miranda using?

Answer 126

C. ABC data collection

Question 127

Nick the BCBA works with his client in a center 1:1. Recently teachers at school reported that his client was engaging in dangerous behaviors in the classroom. Nick goes into the school to do an observation of his client while in the classroom. Nick writes down anything he sees or hears over a 2 hours observation period. He writes down things like who is client was playing with, the activities, who he shares a table with, what kind of work he had to complete, attention provided by the teacher or lack-thereof etc. Which assessment is Nick using?

Answer 127

A. Narrative recording

Question 128

Marc gives the teacher a data sheet that is very easy to fill out and trains her how to fill it out. On the data sheet all she has todo color in a box if the client engages in SIB during that period of time. She leaves it blank if he did not engage in SIB during that time period. The data sheet is to be filled out every day for a week. Along the vertical axis the day is split up into 30-minute intervals. Which assessment is Marc using?

Answer 128

D) Scatterplot

Question 129

Intermediate outcome

Answer 129

* Achievable goals that bring the person closer to ultimate outcome * Sequential: goals that must be completed in an order (specific sequence) * Concurrent: goals that can be worked on at the same time

Question 130

Short-term Objective

Answer 130

* Specific bx change target tht contributes to the individuals obtaining an intermediate &/ or ultimate outcome - Always includes #s - Think: very specific; step by step

Question 131

Short-term Objective | cont...d

Answer 131

-Client's name (who), Direction of change, Response measure, Target bx, Current level, Target level, Success criterion, Context, Conditions, Target date

Question 132

Jerry has a very busy life. He works full time and has 3 kids. Jerry really wants to get back into shape and be healthier overall. More specifically Jerry wants his six-pack back. Jerry hires a behavior analyst to help him reach this goal. The BA tells Jerry he must walk 30 minutes a day, track his meals, and do one core work out 5 days a week. The BA gives Jerry a self-monitoring data sheet that he needs to fill out daily. In this scenario, which of the following is the ultimate outcome? A) Walking 30 minutes a day B) Getting back into shape and being healthier overall C) Getting a six-pack D) Using the self-monitoring data sheet

Answer 132

B) Getting back into shape and being healthier overall

Question 133

....The BA tells Jerry he must walk 30 minutes a day, track his meals, and do one core work out 5 days a week. The BA gives Jerry a self-monitoring data sheet that he needs to fill out daily. Are these goals concurrent or sequential? A) Concurrent B) Sequential

Answer 133

A) Concurrent

Question 134

Matthew wants to ski in Whistler BC. Matthew hires a ski instructor as he doesn’t know how to ski at all. The ski instructor plans to have Matthew skiing the slopes in his small hometown comfortably. More specifically the Ski instructor has arranged to teach target skills such as speed control, stopping, balancing, etc. Which of the following is an intermediate outcome? A) Learning how to balance B) Skiing in Whistler BC C) Skiing the slopes in his small hometown D) Learning how to stop

Answer 134

C) Skiing the slopes in his small hometown

Question 135

George wants to buy a house. He has really bad credit that comes from one source which is late payments on his student loan. He pays his student loan late every month. George has a good paying job. So now he has to start saving money to put towards the deposit of his new home and he also has to pay his student loan on time to fix his credit. In order to starting paying on time he plans to set a reminder on his phone which will go off 3 business days before his payment is due. Which of the following is the short-term objective? A) Buy a house B) Fix credit C) Save money D) Set a reminder on his phone to make payment on time

Answer 135

D) Set a reminder on his phone to make payment on time

Question 136

ABA Service Delivery Model

Answer 136

* Design- Assess, Develop plan * Evaluate - Monitor, Revise plan * Implement - Train, Use plan

Question 137

Which of the following is a method for conducting behavioral assessment? ``` A. Preliminary indirect assessment B. Direct naturalistic observation C. Norm-referenced academic test D. All of the above E. A and B but not ```

Answer 137

E. A and B but not C.

Question 138

Behavioral Assessment

Answer 138

1) Indirect: Verbal reports | 2) Direct: Descriptive (naturalistic), Direct: Systematic manipulation

Question 139

If ___ are not utilized, then one is not doing a behavioral assessment. A. Indirect (“tell me”) methods B. Direct (“show me”) methods C. Both of these D. Neither of these

Answer 139

B. Direct (“show me”) methods An assessment is NOT a behavioral assessment unless behavior is directly observed and measured.

Question 140

Behavioral assessment encompasses more than just a single assessment of behavior. A. True B. False

Answer 140

A. True Behavioral assessment begins following the initial preliminary assessment and continues through the end of the case.

Question 141

The first step in the preliminary assessment is to meet the client and begin observations. A. True B. False

Answer 141

B. False

Question 142

What is the scope and fidelity of preliminary assessments? A. Broad scope and high fidelity B. Broad scope and low fidelity C. Narrow scope and high fidelity D. Narrow scope and low fidelity

Answer 142

B. Broad scope and low fidelity This assessment gathers information across a broad range of topics & behaviors and the information is of widely varying value & accuracy, but gives a general picture of the case

Question 143

Kanaan has completed all intake paperwork for Akela, a new client, as well as a review of records & some preliminary interviews, including a brief meeting with Akela. What should Kanaan do next? ``` A. Complete initial observation B. Complete initial paperwork C. Complete initial records review D. Determine if you have consent E. Determine if you have skills, time, and resources F. Document the disposition ```

Answer 143

F. Document the disposition

Question 144

If you determine someone has a ___, you will need to teach them how to engage in the targeted response. ``` A. Performance problem B. Skill deficit C. Behavior excess D. All of the above E. A and B but not C ```

Answer 144

B. Skill deficit What if they have a performance problem? ◦ Need to alter contingencies to support performance What if they have a behavior excess? ◦ Need to arrange contingencies to decrease responding

Question 145

Brendan looks at police reports, discharge summaries from placements at crisis stabilization units and school suspension documentation. This is an example of which type of indirect assessment? ``` A. Structured form B. Behavioral interview C. Records review D. All of the above E. A and B but not C ```

Answer 145

C. Records review

Question 146

Brendan meets with his client’s parents and asks questions regarding the behaviors of concern. He also uses the MAS and records the parent’s responses. This is an example of which type of indirect assessment? ``` A. Structured form B. Behavioral interview C. Records review D. All of the above E. A and B but not C ```

Answer 146

E. A and B but not C

Question 147

The reliability and validity of paper-and-pencil functional assessment forms such as the MAS and the FAST are typically high. A. True B. False

Answer 147

B. False What does this mean? ◦ Results do not necessarily correspond with more rigorous assessments

Question 148

When doing a descriptive assessment, you do not manipulate the environment in any way. A. True B. False

Answer 148

A. True You simply observe events as they naturally occur

Question 149

Annie observes Tucker in the group home where he lives. She types on her laptop notes about what Tucker is doing, what the people around him are doing, and what happens before and after each instance of relevant responses. Which type of direct descriptive assessment is Annie doing? A. ABC data collection B. Data collection across conditions C. Narrative recording D. Scatterplot

Answer 149

C. Narrative recording

Question 150

When the teacher lectures to the class, Brendan engages in disruptive behaviors. This typically results in Brendan being sent out of the class to sit in the hall. This is an example of a ___ analysis. ``` A. Experimental B. Pattern C. Sequence D. All of the above E. A and B but not C ```

Answer 150

C. Sequence

Question 151

Sequence analysis is derived from ___ data ``` A. Narrative recording B. A-B-C C. Scatterplot D. All of the above E. A and B but not C ```

Answer 151

E. A and B but not C Pattern analysis example: ◦ Brendan is most likely to engage in disruptive bx from 10-11AM, and 1-2PM.

Question 152

Outcomes are specific changes in behavior. A. True B. False

Answer 152

B. False It is not enough to change bx; we should make a difference in people’s lives!

Question 153

I want to be the best that I can be Is this outcome observable and measurable? A. Yes B. No

Answer 153

B. No Jose reminds us to be careful with statements like this and reaching full potential. Why? ◦ Don’t want to use this as an excuse for lack of improvement in learners

Question 154

I want to live in my own apartment Is this outcome observable and measurable? A. Yes B. No

Answer 154

A. Yes ``` What behavior change may be needed to meet this outcome? ◦ Go grocery shopping ◦ Cook simple meals ◦ Stick to a budget ◦ Write checks/pay bills ```

Question 155

Bob will decrease cursing in the group for two consecutive months by the end of May. ``` A. Context B. Direction of change C. Success criterion D. Response measure E. Target behavior F. Target date ```

Answer 155

C. Response measure (and current/target level)

Question 156

Which assessment is narrow band and high fidelity? ``` A. Functional analysis B. Baseline assessment C. Screening D. All of the above E. A and B but not C ```

Answer 156

E. A and B but not C

Question 157

Akela unloads the dishwasher but when she does it she leaves some of the clean dishes in the machine This is an example of which type of problem with behavior: ``` A. Performance problem B. Skill deficit C. Problem with strength D. Lacks generality E. Lacks stimulus control F. Behavior excesses ```

Answer 157

A. Performance problem Problem with strength (lacks mastery) What should the behavior analyst do? ◦ Have Akela practice unloading the dishwasher properly to mastery criterion

Question 158

After determining who has the authority to give consent for services (and obtaining appropriate consents), you must determine whether or no you have the ___ to begin assessment. ``` A. Skills B. Time C. Resources D. All of the above E. A and B but not C ```

Answer 158

D. All of the above

Question 159

The extent to which an assessment’s findings hold true across variations in environmental conditions and/or time ``` A. Assessment fidelity B. Assessment scope C. External validity of assessments D. Internal validity of assessments E. Pattern analysis F. Sequence analysis ```

Answer 159

C. External validity of assessments

Question 160

What is the scope and fidelity of the scatterplot? A. Broad-medium scope and low-medium fidelity B. Broad-medium scope and medium-high fidelity C. Medium-narrow scope and low-medium fidelity D. Medium-narrow scope and medium-high fidelity

Answer 160

C. Medium-narrow scope and low-medium fidelity It assesses when the bx is likely to happen & promotes more efficient observations to obtain data for sequence analysis, but gives little information on function

Question 161

Which of the following is a purpose for conducting behavioral assessments? A. Describe behavior and environmental events B. Evaluate maintenance and generalization C. Monitor program implementation D. All of the above E. A and B but not C

Answer 161

D. All of the above

Question 162

Use of existing written documents & archival data to gather information about behavior & the environment ``` A. ABC data collection B. Behavioral interview C. Data collection across conditions D. Narrative recording E. Records review F. Scatterplot G. Structured form ```

Answer 162

E. Records review

Question 163

Does at the wrong time or in the wrong place Which type of problem with behavior: ``` A. Performance problem B. Skill deficit C. Lacks generality D. Lacks stimulus control E. Behavior excess ```

Answer 163

D. Lacks stimulus control

Question 164

Once you have completed any necessary initial intake paperwork, what step in the preliminary assessment process should be completed next? ``` A. Complete initial observation B. Complete initial records review C. Determine if you have consent D. Determine if you have skills, time, and resources E. Document the disposition ```

Answer 164

B. Complete initial records review *This provides access to necessary information to complete preliminary assessment

Question 165

When conducting a records review, gather information regarding: ``` A. Current and past behavioral repertoire B. Environmental factors C. Medical history D. All of the above E. A and B but not C ```

Answer 165

D. All of the above

Question 166

The same assessments are used for different problems with behavior (skill deficits and behavior excesses). A. True B. False

Answer 166

B. False We have specialized assessments for different problems with behavior

Question 167

Behaviors are always targeted for deceleration (decrease). A. True B. False

Answer 167

B. False Behaviors can be targeted for deceleration ◦ Replacement, weakening, to get under stimulus control But behaviors can also be targeted for increase ◦ Development, strengthening, maintenance, generalization

Question 168

What is another name for a performance problem? ``` A. “Can’t do” problem B. Concurrent intermediate outcome C. Intermediate outcome D. Referral problem E. Sequential intermediate outcome F. Short-term objective G. Ultimate outcome H. “Won’t do” problem ```

Answer 168

H. "Won't do" problem

Question 169

Once you have determined that you do have the permission, skills, time, & resources to begin assessment and provide the follow-up services, what step in the preliminary assessment process should be completed next? ``` A. Complete initial observation B. Complete initial paperwork C. Complete initial records review D. Determine if you have consent E. Document the disposition ```

Answer 169

B. Complete initial paperwork

Question 170

Beginning of interview

Answer 170

* Build rapport * Informally observe * Behavior * Environment * Appearance of persons

Question 171

During Interview

Answer 171

* Ask open-ended questions * Ask follow-up questions * Acknowledge responses * Write notes or use recorder

Question 172

What is the scope and fidelity of ABC data collection? A. Broad scope and high fidelity B. Broad scope and medium fidelity C. Medium scope and high fidelity D. Medium scope and medium fidelity

Answer 172

D. Medium scope and medium fidelity ABC data may continue for days or weeks

Question 173

All of the following are assessment methods used in applied behavior analysis except: A. Checklist B. Direct observation C. Interview D. Medical evaluations

Answer 173

D. Medical evaluations

Question 174

A customer service rep logs calls into the computer program but it takes him ten minutes each time; the average employee is able to log calls in under one minute This is an example of which type of problem with behavior: ``` A. Performance problem B. Skill deficit C. Lacks generality D. Lacks stimulus control E. Behavior excesses ```

Answer 174

A. Performance problem | --> Problem with strength (lacks fluency)

Question 175

Includes the bulk of the screening process and covers most of the goals of the preliminary assessment Which step in the preliminary assessment: A. Determining who has the authority to give consent B. Determining if you have permission/skills/time/ resources C. Completing intake paperwork or the equivalent D. Reviewing records and available data E. Meeting client and begin observations F. Documenting (including disposition)

Answer 175

B. Determining if you have permission/skills/time/ resources

Question 176

If an interview is conducted with the direct service recipient about his or her own behavior, it is considered a direct assessment. A. True B. False

Answer 176

B. False -Verbal reports of behavior are indirect methods

Question 177

Pattern analysis is derived from ___ data ``` A. Narrative recording B. A-B-C C. Scatterplot D. All of the above E. A and B but not C ```

Answer 177

C. Scatterplot

Question 178

Which of the following is a method for conducting behavioral assessment? ``` A. Functional analysis B. Systematic manipulation C. Psychological evaluation D. All of the above E. A and B but not C ```

Answer 178

E. A and B but not C

Question 179

A customer service rep logs calls into the computer program when he is working on a PC but not when he is working on a Mac Which type of problem with behavior? ``` A. Performance problem B. Skill deficit C. Lacks generality D. Lacks stimulus control E. Behavior excesses ```

Answer 179

C. Lacks generality

Question 180

Stated/reported issue with behavior by the referring party ``` A. “Can’t do” problem B. Concurrent intermediate outcome C. Intermediate outcome D. Referral problem E. Sequential intermediate outcome F. Short-term objective G. Ultimate outcome H. “Won’t do” problem ```

Answer 180

D. Referral problem

Question 181

Once you have met client, established rapport, conducted a preliminary interview, and made informal observations, what step in the preliminary assessment process should be completed next? ``` A. Complete initial paperwork B. Complete initial records review C. Determine if you have consent D. Determine if you have skills, time, and resources E. Document the disposition ```

Answer 181

E. Document the disposition

Question 182

Indirect assessment methods may be conducted in an office. A. True B. False

Answer 182

A. True Jose always suggested to conduct the interview in the natural environment (e.g. home) timed to complete right before the direct consumer arrives because this would allow the interview to be completed with the caregiver in private but then therapist can informally observe interactions

Question 183

What is the scope and fidelity of descriptive assessments? A. Broad scope and low-medium fidelity B. Broad scope and medium-high fidelity C. Medium scope and low-medium fidelity D. Medium scope and medium-high fidelity

Answer 183

C. Medium scope and low-medium fidelity Looks at a variety of behaviors and observes various natural environmental contexts & events but does not demonstrate functional relations

Question 184

Which assessment is medium band and low fidelity? ``` A. Direct descriptive assessment B. Progress monitoring C. Follow-up assessment D. All of the above E. A and B but not C ```

Answer 184

C. Follow-up assessment

Question 185

Initial assessment phase where the broad outline of the case and details of the presenting problem are first evaluated ``` A. Behavioral assessment B. Descriptive assessment C. Direct assessment D. Indirect assessment E. Preliminary assessment ```

Answer 185

E. Preliminary assessment

Question 186

Akela has unload the dishwasher it the past but she does not do it anymore This is an example of which type of problem with behavior: ``` A. Performance problem B. Skill deficit C. Lacks generality D. Lacks stimulus control E. Behavior excesses ```

Answer 186

A. Performance problem What should the behavior analyst do? ◦ Arrange contingencies (manipulate motivating operations) to support Akela’s unloading the dishwasher behavior

Question 187

Which assessment is broad band focus but low fidelity? A. Preliminary indirect assessment B. Descriptive assessment C. Structured descriptive assessment D. Functional analysis

Answer 187

A. Preliminary indirect assessment

Question 188

Outcome: Benny wants to make friends (especially a significant other) Is this outcome observable and measurable? A. Yes B. No

Answer 188

A. Yes What behavior change may be needed to meet this outcome? ◦ Asking questions, listening, responding appropriately ◦ Good hygiene ◦ Opportunities to go places

Question 189

The accuracy of information gathered in an assessment ``` A. Assessment fidelity B. Assessment scope C. External validity of assessments D. Internal validity of assessments E. Pattern analysis F. Sequence analysis ```

Answer 189

A. Assessment fidelity

Question 190

When collecting data in a variety of naturally occurring contexts/conditions (without systematic manipulations), we can: A. Look at similarities and difference in context/conditions dependent on differential rates of responding B. Identify potential EOs and SDs C. Identify potential maintaining consequences D. All of the above E. A and B but not C

Answer 190

D. All of the above

Question 191

If someone does not engage in a behavior at all, this may be a: ``` A. Performance problem B. Skill deficit C. Behavior excess D. All of the above E. A and B but not C ```

Answer 191

E. A and B but not C How can you tell the difference between a performance problem and a skill deficit? ◦ Offer supplemental reinforcement; if you offered the person $1 million to engage in the behavior, would they be likely to do it? ◦ YES = performance problem → alter MOs ◦ NO = skill deficit → training

Question 192

During which step do you write up the results, recommend your services and/or others, and outline an initial service plan? ``` A. Complete initial observation B. Complete initial paperwork C. Complete initial records review D. Determine if you have consent E. Determine if you have skills, time, and resources F. Document the disposition ```

Answer 192

F. Document the disposition

Question 193

We only change socially significant behavior to make a real difference in people’s lives. A. True B. False

Answer 193

A. True All the behavior change in the world is meaningless if the person we serve does not benefit from the behavior change.

Question 194

Which of the following is a type of specialized assessment for skill deficits: ``` A. Assessments based on task analyses B. Assessment of elementary verbal operants C. Functional assessments D. All of the above E. A and B but not C ```

Answer 194

E. A and B but not C

Question 195

What is the purpose of behavioral assessment: A. Describe behavior and the environment B. Determine functional relations between behavior and the environment C. Determine if a problem with behavior exists D. All of the above E. A and B but not C

Answer 195

D. All of the above

Question 196

A customer service rep logs calls into the computer while at work but also logs calls while at his home This is an example of which type of problem with behavior: ``` A. Performance problem B. Skill deficit C. Lacks generality D. Lacks stimulus control E. Behavior excesses ```

Answer 196

D. Lacks stimulus control What should the behavior analyst do? ◦ Teach the customer service rep where to and NOT to log calls

Question 197

Narrative recording is also known as: ``` A. ABC data collection B. Anecdotal observation C. Functional assessment D. Pattern analysis E. Scatterplot F. Sequence analysis ```

Answer 197

B. Anecdotal observation

Question 198

Direct assessment method in which behavior is observed and measured in the real-life context without manipulation of environmental variables ``` A. Behavioral assessment B. Descriptive assessment C. Direct assessment D. Indirect assessment E. Preliminary assessment ```

Answer 198

B. Descriptive assessment

Question 199

Behavioral assessment includes a range of methods including: ``` A. Observations B. Checklists C. Interviews D. All of the above E. A and B but not C ```

Answer 199

D. All of the above

Question 200

A child vocally requests food but only every once in a while (not every time she is deprived of food) This is an example of which type of problem with behavior: ``` A. Performance problem B. Skill deficit C. Lacks generality D. Lacks stimulus control E. Behavior excesses ```

Answer 200

A. Performance problem What should the behavior analyst do? ◦ Have the child practice requesting food

Question 201

Provides a graphic display of data in a grid format; used to identify patterns of responding in natural settings This describes which descriptive assessment procedure: A. Scatterplot analysis B. Narrative recording C. ABC data collection D. Data collection across conditions

Answer 201

A. Scatterplot analysis

Question 202

Which of the following is a direct assessment method: ``` A. Narrative recording B. ABC data collection C. Scatterplots D. All of the above E. A and B but not C ```

Answer 202

D. All of the above

Question 203

Akela unloads the dishwasher at her house but also unloads the dishwasher at a restaurant where she is a customer (NOT an employee) This is an example of which type of problem with behavior: ``` A. Performance problem B. Skill deficit C. Lacks generality D. Lacks stimulus control E. Behavior excesses ```

Answer 203

D. Lacks stimulus control What should the behavior analyst do? ◦ Teach Akela where to and NOT to unload the dishwasher

Question 204

What is another name for a skill deficit? ``` A. “Can’t do” problem B. Concurrent intermediate outcome C. Intermediate outcome D. Referral problem E. Sequential intermediate outcome F. Short-term objective ```

Answer 204

A. "Can't do" Problem

Question 205

In a preliminary assessment, the practitioner: A. Gathers basic information about the case B. Determines if behavioral services are appropriate C. Determines if s/he is the appropriate service provider D. All of the above E. A and B but not C

Answer 205

D. All of the above

Question 206

Outcome: Cathy wants to get a job as a server at a fine dining establishment Is this outcome observable and measurable? A. Yes B. No

Answer 206

A. Yes What behavior change may be needed to meet this outcome? ◦ Appropriate etiquette ◦ Experience in other restaurants ◦ Interview skills ◦ Meet fine dining establishment employee

Question 207

What is the scope and fidelity of narrative recording? A. Medium scope and low-medium fidelity B. Medium scope and medium-high fidelity C. Narrow scope and low-medium fidelity D. Narrow scope and medium-high fidelity

Answer 207

A. Medium scope and low-medium fidelity Scope is medium, but can broaden out if observations warrant

Question 208

Which assessment method is used mostly during the preliminary stages of assessment: A. Indirect (“tell me”) methods B. Direct (“show me”) methods C. Both of these D. Neither of these

Answer 208

A. Indirect (“tell me”) methods

Question 209

A data collection form for recording the times of day during which a target behavior has occurred, typically involving dividing the days of the week into blocks of time ``` A. ABC data collection B. Behavioral interview C. Data collection across conditions D. Narrative recording E. Records review F. Scatterplot G. Structured form ```

Answer 209

F. Scatterplot

Question 210

A child vocally requests food every ten minutes all day long This is an example of which type of problem with behavior: ``` A. Performance problem B. Skill deficit C. Lacks generality D. Lacks stimulus control E. Behavior excesses ```

Answer 210

E. Behavior excesses What should the behavior analyst do? ◦ Arrange contingencies to decrease the child’s food requesting behavior

Question 211

Rule out biological/medical conditions by referring to physician when appropriate These are issues related to which goal of preliminary assessment: A. Begin to identify the problem(s) B. Determine if ABA services are needed/desired C. Determine if other types of services may be needed D. Determine whether or not to take the case

Answer 211

C. Determine if other types of services may be needed What other types of services may potentially be needed? ``` ◦ Behavior therapy by other licensed professionals, social services, other professional services (OT, PT, SLP, etc.) ```

Question 212

List the types of documents to review when conducting a records review: ``` A. Progress notes B. Support plans C. Individualized education plans (IEPs) D. All of the above E. A and B but not C ```

Answer 212

D. All of the above

Question 213

Which of the following is an indirect assessment method: ``` A. Record review B. Interview C. Paper-and-pencil questionnaires D. All of the above E. A and B but not C ```

Answer 213

D. All of the above These may be done in an office

Question 214

A child has vocally requested food in the past but does not request food anymore This is an example of which type of problem with behavior: ``` A. Performance problem B. Skill deficit C. Lacks generality D. Lacks stimulus control E. Behavior excesses ```

Answer 214

A. Performance problem What should the behavior analyst do? ◦ Arrange contingencies (manipulate motivating operations) to support the child’s food requesting behavior

Question 215

Allows for coding or checking antecedent(s), target behavior(s), and consequences This describes: ``` A. ABC data collection B. Anecdotal observation C. Functional assessment D. Pattern analysis E. Scatterplot F. Sequence analysis ```

Answer 215

A. ABC data collection

Question 216

It is very important that the intake paperwork (or the equivalent) is completed by the behavior analyst. A. True B. False

Answer 216

B. False Some may be completed by a clerk or administrative assistant

Question 217

A customer service rep logged calls into the computer program in the past but doesn’t do it anymore This is an example of which type of problem with behavior: ``` A. Performance problem B. Skill deficit C. Lacks generality D. Lacks stimulus control E. Behavior excesses ```

Answer 217

A. Performance problem What should the behavior analyst do? ◦ Arrange contingencies (manipulate motivating operations) to support the customer service rep’s call logging behavior

Question 218

After looking at scatterplot data you describe face-slapping is most likely to occur early in the morning at home, right before lunch at school, right before school is out, and right before bed-time This is an example of: ``` A. ABC data collection B. Anecdotal observation C. Functional assessment D. Pattern analysis E. Scatterplot F. Sequence analysis ```

Answer 218

D, Pattern analysis

Question 219

A customer service rep logs the same call into the computer program multiple times This is an example of which type of problem with behavior: ``` A. Performance problem B. Skill deficit C. Lacks generality D. Lacks stimulus control E. Behavior excesses ```

Answer 219

E. Behavior excesses What should the behavior analyst do? ◦ Arrange contingencies to decrease the customer service rep’s call logging behavior

Question 220

``` Examination of scatterplot data to identify specific time frames and potential environmental contexts under which behavior does or does not occur ``` ``` A. Assessment fidelity B. Assessment scope C. External validity of assessments D. Internal validity of assessments E. Pattern analysis F. Sequence analysis ```

Answer 220

E. Pattern analysis

Question 221

Direct assessments do not involve direct observation of the behavior or behavior in question. A. True B. False

Answer 221

B. False This is what distinguishes them from indirect assessments.

Question 222

Indirect methods are the sine qua non of behavioral assessment (sine qua non is Latin for “without which it could not be”). A. True B. False

Answer 222

b. False

Question 223

A child vocally requests food when she is at home with her mother but also when she is in math class at school and at church (where no food is available) This is an example of which type of problem with behavior: ``` A. Performance problem B. Skill deficit C. Lacks generality D. Lacks stimulus control E. Behavior excesses ```

Answer 223

D. Lacks stimulus control What should the behavior analyst do? ◦ Teach the child where to and NOT to vocally request food

Question 224

Which of the following is a question that must be asked/answered when deciding to take the case? ``` A. Do you have the skills? B. Do you have the time? C. Do you have the resources? D. All of the above E. A and B but not C ```

Answer 224

D. All of the above

Question 225

Consists of questions to ask within pre-selected topics This describes which indirect assessment method: A. Records review B. Interview C. Paper-and-pencil questionnaires

Answer 225

B. Interview

Question 226

A scatterplot plots occurrence of target behavior as a function of: ``` A. Time B. Activities C. Context D. All of the above E. A and B but not C ```

Answer 226

D. All of the above

Question 227

An assessment that gathers a wide range of information about target behaviors and/or environmental variables is said to have: A. Low fidelity B. High fidelity C. Broad scope D. Narrow scope

Answer 227

C. Broad scope

Question 228

A child vocally requests food but only in the presence of her mother (not when other people who could provide her with food are around) This is an example of which type of problem with behavior: ``` A. Performance problem B. Skill deficit C. Lacks generality D. Lacks stimulus control E. Behavior excesses ```

Answer 228

c. Lacks generality

Question 229

Once you have ensured that the individual or agency providing the referral has authority to provide and has given consent to discuss the case with you, what step in the preliminary assessment process should be completed next? ``` A. Complete initial observation B. Complete initial paperwork C. Complete initial records review D. Determine if you have skills, time, and resources E. Document the disposition ```

Answer 229

D. Determine if you have skills, time, and resources

Question 230

In which type of assessment does the witnesses tell the assessor about the behavior, directly or in writing? ``` A. Direct descriptive assessment B. Direct systematic manipulation C. Indirect assessment D. All of the above E. A and B but not C ```

Answer 230

C. Indirect assessment *These are considered the: “tell me” methods

Question 231

Which of the following is a type of descriptive assessment procedure? ``` A. Scatterplot analysis B. Narrative recording C. ABC data collection D. All of the above E. A and B but not C ```

Answer 231

D. All of the above Plus JMD’s data collection across conditions!

Question 232

The final goal of service given in functional statements about what a person wants to accomplish and attain in their life ``` A. “Can’t do” problem B. Concurrent intermediate outcome C. Intermediate outcome D. Referral problem E. Sequential intermediate outcome F. Short-term objective G. Ultimate outcome H. “Won’t do” problem ```

Answer 232

G. Ultimate outcome

Question 233

Behavioral assessment includes a range of methods including: ``` A. Systematic manipulations B. Obtaining a psychometric score C. Gathering grade equivalent data D. All of the above E. A and B but not C ```

Answer 233

A. Systematic manipulations

Question 234

A customer service rep has never logged a call into the computer program This is an example of which type of problem with behavior: ``` A. Performance problem B. Skill deficit C. Lacks generality D. Lacks stimulus control E. Behavior excesses ```

Answer 234

B. Skill deficit What should the behavior analyst do? ◦ Teach the customer service rep to log a call into the computer program

Question 235

Ensure that the source of the referral has the authority and consent to discuss the case with you Which step in the preliminary assessment: A. Determining who has the authority to give consent B. Determining if you have permission/skills/time/resources C. Completing intake paperwork or the equivalent D. Reviewing records and available data E. Meeting client and begin observations F. Documenting (including disposition)

Answer 235

A. Determining who has the authority to give consent What should if the referral source does not have authority? ◦ Advise them to have the person who CAN provide consent to contact you

Question 236

List the types of documents to review when conducting a records review: ``` A. “Disciplinary” reports B. Activity schedules C. Class schedules D. All of the above E. A and B but not C ```

Answer 236

D. All of the above

Question 237

``` Examination of scatterplot data to identify specific time frames and potential environmental contexts under which behavior does or does not occur ``` ``` A. Assessment fidelity B. Assessment scope C. External validity of assessments D. Internal validity of assessments E. Pattern analysis F. Sequence analysis ```

Answer 237

E. Pattern analysis

Question 238

Akela unloads the dishwasher at her house but does not unload the dishwasher when she is staying at her Oma’s house ``` This is an example of which type of problem with behavior: A. Performance problem B. Skill deficit C. Lacks generality D. Lacks stimulus control E. Behavior excesses ```

Answer 238

C. Lacks generality What should the behavior analyst do? ◦ Teach Akela how to unload different dishwashers

Question 239

Does not do at all OR does not do independently (only with assistance) OR does not initiate (only when told to) Which type of problem with behavior: ``` A. Performance problem B. Skill deficit C. Lacks generality D. Lacks stimulus control E. Behavior excess ```

Answer 239

B. Skill deficit These are also called “___ do” problems ◦ CAN’T do

Question 240

After collecting and analyzing ABC data you describe when Peter is not receiving attention or interaction, he will bite his wrist and hit his face; he typically obtains attention from staff or social interaction This is an example of: ``` A. ABC data collection B. Anecdotal observation C. Functional assessment D. Pattern analysis E. Scatterplot F. Sequence analysis ```

Answer 240

F. Sequence analysis

Question 241

Does but only under limited circumstances Which type of problem with behavior: ``` A. Performance problem B. Skill deficit C. Lacks generality D. Lacks stimulus control E. Behavior excess ```

Answer 241

c. Lacks generality

Question 242

Scatterplot data can be used to find out: A. What differs in times when behavior occurs most versus least B. Similarities in times when behavior occurs about the same C. The function of the problem behavior D. All of the above E. A and B but not C

Answer 242

E. A and B but not C

Question 243

Which of the following is a characteristic of behavioral assessment: ``` A. Assessment is ongoing B. Takes an ecological perspective C. Behavior is a symptom of an underlying disorder D. All of the above E. A and B but not C ```

Answer 243

E. A and B but not C

Question 244

Assessment of the probability of behavior within different environmental contexts ``` A. ABC data collection B. Behavioral interview C. Data collection across conditions D. Narrative recording E. Records review F. Scatterplot G. Structured form ```

Answer 244

C. Data collection across conditions

Question 245

Does but not well enough (lacks mastery) OR does well enough but lacks fluency OR does well enough but not frequently enough ``` Which type of problem with behavior: A. Performance problem B. Skill deficit C. Lacks generality D. Lacks stimulus control E. Behavior excess ```

Answer 245

A. Performance problem - Problem with strength

Question 246

``` Is the person, group, or organization likely to benefit from your services? Do you have the skills? Do you have the time? Do you have the supports (were you to require them)? Are the financial arrangements satisfactory to all parties? ``` These are questions to address which goal of preliminary assessment: A. Begin to identify the problem(s) B. Determine if ABA services are needed/desired C. Determine if other types of services may be needed D. Determine whether or not to take the case

Answer 246

D. Determine whether or not to take the case

Question 247

Indirect assessments do not involve direct observation of the behavior or behavior in question. A. True B. False

Answer 247

A. True

Question 248

Observer produces a written narrative of an individual's responses throughout a specific period of time and a description of the environmental conditions under which the responses were emitted ``` This describes A. Narrative recording B. Anecdotal observation C. Scatterplot D. All of the above E. A and B but not C ```

Answer 248

E. A and B but not C

Question 249

Which of the following is a type of specialized assessment for behavioral excesses: ``` A. Social skills assessments B. Vocational skills assessments C. Functional assessments D. All of the above E. A and B but not C ```

Answer 249

C. Functional assessments

Question 250

Has done in the past but does not do it now OR does not do it enough ``` Which type of problem with behavior: A. Performance problem B. Skill deficit C. Lacks generality D. Lacks stimulus control E. Behavior excess ```

Answer 250

A. Performance problem These are also called “___ do” problems ◦ WON’T do

Question 251

Accomplishable goals that bring a person closer to achieving ultimate outcomes ``` A. “Can’t do” problem B. Concurrent intermediate outcome C. Intermediate outcome D. Referral problem E. Sequential intermediate outcome F. Short-term objective G. Ultimate outcome H. “Won’t do” problem ```

Answer 251

C. Intermediate outcome

Question 252

Preliminary indirect assessment: A. Consists of interviews and rating scales B. Helps with the decision of whether or not to continue with case C. Helps in planning further assessment D. All of the above E. A and B but not C

Answer 252

D. All of the above

Question 253

Outcome: Mike wants to eat his dinner as soon as he gets home from work Is this outcome observable and measurable? A. Yes B. No

Answer 253

A. Yes What behavior change may be needed to meet this outcome? ◦ Learn how to cook or make a sandwich

Question 254

When should scatterplot data be collected: ``` A. At the end of each interval B. At the end of each day C. At the end of each week D. Any of the above E. A or B but not C ```

Answer 254

A. At the end of each interval

Question 255

Intermediate goals that should be completed in a specific order to attain an ultimate outcome ``` A. “Can’t do” problem B. Concurrent intermediate outcome C. Intermediate outcome D. Referral problem E. Sequential intermediate outcome F. Short-term objective G. Ultimate outcome H. “Won’t do” problem ```

Answer 255

E. Sequential intermediate outcome

Question 256

What is the purpose of behavioral assessment: ``` A. Evaluate treatment effectiveness B. Monitor program implementation C. Evaluate maintenance and generalization D. All of the above E. A and B but not C ```

Answer 256

D. All of the above

Question 257

Akela has never unloaded the dishwasher This is an example of which type of problem with behavior: ``` A. Performance problem B. Skill deficit C. Lacks generality D. Lacks stimulus control E. Behavior excesses ```

Answer 257

B. Skill deficit What should the behavior analyst do? ◦ Teach Akela to unload the dishwasher

Question 258

Establish rapport, conduct a preliminary interview, make informal observations, describe services and contract, obtain signatures Which step in the preliminary assessment: A. Determining who has the authority to give consent B. Determining if you have permission/skills/time/resources C. Completing intake paperwork or the equivalent D. Reviewing records and available data E. Meeting client and beginning observations F. Documenting (including disposition)

Answer 258

E. Meeting client and beginning observations

Question 259

The extent to which the results of an assessment accurately represent what occurs in the natural environment ``` A. Assessment fidelity B. Assessment scope C. External validity of assessments D. Internal validity of assessments E. Pattern analysis F. Sequence analysis ```

Answer 259

D. Internal validity of assessments

Question 260

Outcomes represent changes in the person’s overall life experience. A. True B. False

Answer 260

A. True

Question 261

Data collection of target behavior(s) under different contexts and environmental conditions without systematic manipulation provides data on differential probability of the occurrence of the target behavior under different contexts and conditions. A. True B. False

Answer 261

A. True

Question 262

``` An observer records all occurrences of specific target behavior(s), antecedent and consequent events (typically on a standardized data form) ``` ``` A. ABC data collection B. Behavioral interview C. Data collection across conditions D. Narrative recording E. Records review F. Scatterplot G. Structured form ```

Answer 262

A. ABC data collection

Question 263

A child has never vocally requested food in the past ``` This is an example of which type of problem with behavior: A. Performance problem B. Skill deficit C. Lacks generality D. Lacks stimulus control E. Behavior excesses ```

Answer 263

B. Skill deficit What should the behavior analyst do? ◦ Teach the child to vocally request food

Question 264

Which assessment is broad band and low fidelity? ``` A. Screening B. Preliminary indirect assessment C. Functional analysis D. All of the above E. A and B but not C ```

Answer 264

E. A and B but not C

Question 265

An observer produces a written description of the individual’s behaviors and the environmental conditions under which those behaviors occur over a period of time ``` A. ABC data collection B. Behavioral interview C. Data collection across conditions D. Narrative recording E. Records review F. Scatterplot G. Structured form ```

Answer 265

D. Narrative recording

Question 266

Does too much (either shouldn’t be doing at all OR should be doing but not that much) ``` Which type of problem with behavior: A. Performance problem B. Skill deficit C. Lacks generality D. Lacks stimulus control E. Behavior excess ```

Answer 266

E. Behavior excess

Question 267

A measurable criterion for change in some dimension of a target behavior over a given period of time ``` A. “Can’t do” problem B. Concurrent intermediate outcome C. Intermediate outcome D. Referral problem E. Sequential intermediate outcome F. Short-term objective G. Ultimate outcome H. “Won’t do” problem ```

Answer 267

F. Short-term objective

Question 268

Are the problems significant enough to require intervention? Are the problems amenable to environmental manipulations? Are supports and resources available? These are questions to address which goal of preliminary assessment: A. Begin to identify the problem(s) B. Determine if ABA services are needed/desired C. Determine if other types of services may be needed D. Determine whether or not to take the case

Answer 268

B. Determine if ABA services are needed/desired

Question 269

Becoming self-actualized Is this outcome observable and measurable? A. Yes B. No

Answer 269

B. No (not according to behavior analysts)

Question 270

Process of observing behavior as it occurs in real time and the environment in which behavior occurs ``` A. Behavioral assessment B. Descriptive assessment C. Direct assessment D. Indirect assessment E. Preliminary assessment ```

Answer 270

C. Direct assessment

Question 271

Which of the following is a characteristic of behavioral assessment: ``` A. Behavior is (in itself) important B. Behavior is situation-specific C. Assessment is only conducted pre/post-treatment D. All of the above E. A and B but not C ```

Answer 271

E. A and B but not C

Question 272

Written questions designed to gather information about behavior and the environment ``` A. ABC data collection B. Behavioral interview C. Data collection across conditions D. Narrative recording E. Records review F. Scatterplot G. Structured form ```

Answer 272

G. Structured form

Question 273

Akela unloads the dishwasher then reloads it with clean dishes so she can unload it again ``` This is an example of which type of problem with behavior: A. Performance problem B. Skill deficit C. Lacks generality D. Lacks stimulus control E. Behavior excesses ```

Answer 273

E. Behavior excesses What should the behavior analyst do? ◦ Arrange contingencies to decrease Akela’s unloading the dishwasher behavior

Question 274

Once you have reviewed records and available data, what step in the preliminary assessment process should be completed next? ``` A. Complete initial observation B. Complete initial paperwork C. Determine if you have consent D. Determine if you have skills, time, and resources E. Document the disposition ```

Answer 274

A. Complete initial observation * This may depend on your access to the records and the system in which you work!

Question 275

The range of information gathered and degree of focus on the issue in an assessment ``` A. Assessment fidelity B. Assessment scope C. External validity of assessments D. Internal validity of assessments E. Pattern analysis F. Sequence analysis ```

Answer 275

B. Assessment scope

Question 276

What is the scope and fidelity of structured forms? A. Broad scope and low-medium fidelity B. Broad scope and medium-high fidelity C. Medium scope and low-medium fidelity D. Medium scope and medium-high fidelity

Answer 276

C. Medium scope and low-medium fidelity -Look for consistencies and inconsistencies in the answers on scales

Question 277

A series of questions asked to the consumer or other stakeholders about behavior and the environment ``` A. ABC data collection B. Behavioral interview C. Data collection across conditions D. Narrative recording E. Records review F. Scatterplot G. Structured form ```

Answer 277

B. Behavioral interview

Question 278

Which of the following is a goal of preliminary assessment: A. Determine if ABA services are needed/desired B. Determine whether to take the case C. Determine if other types of services may be needed D. All of the above E. A and B but not C

Answer 278

D. All of the above

Question 279

Interviews may be conducted with the direct service recipient about his or her own behavior. A. True B. False

Answer 279

A. True

Question 280

A systematic gathering of information to make data-based decisions, regarding behavior and the environment ``` A. Behavioral assessment B. Descriptive assessment C. Direct assessment D. Indirect assessment E. Preliminary assessment ```

Answer 280

A. Behavioral assessment

Question 281

A systematic presentation and examination of information or data regarding target behavior and its stimulus conditions in an A-B-C format; done after doing narrative recording and/or ABC data collection ``` This describes: A. ABC data collection B. Anecdotal observation C. Functional assessment D. Pattern analysis E. Scatterplot F. Sequence analysis ```

Answer 281

F. Sequence analysis

Question 282

Intermediate goals that are worked on together at the same time to attain an ultimate outcome ``` A. “Can’t do” problem B. Concurrent intermediate outcome C. Intermediate outcome D. Referral problem E. Sequential intermediate outcome F. Short-term objective G. Ultimate outcome H. “Won’t do” problem ```

Answer 282

B. Concurrent intermediate outcome

Question 283

List the types of documents to review when conducting a records review: ``` A. Assessments B. Evaluations C. Treatment plans D. All of the above E. A and B but not C ```

Answer 283

D. All of the above

Question 284

A process in which information is gathered on behavior through descriptions and recollections rather than through direct observation ``` A. Behavioral assessment B. Descriptive assessment C. Direct assessment D. Indirect assessment E. Preliminary assessment ```

Answer 284

D. Indirect assessment

Question 285

After collecting and analyzing ABC data you describe when Peter is asked to complete shaving or other self-care routines he will bite his wrist and grab or push staff members; he escapes from these activities This is an example of: ``` A. ABC data collection B. Anecdotal observation C. Functional assessment D. Pattern analysis E. Scatterplot F. Sequence analysis ```

Answer 285

F. Sequence analysis

Question 286

What is the scope and fidelity of a records review? A. Medium scope and low-medium fidelity B. Medium scope and medium-high fidelity C. Narrow scope and low-medium fidelity D. Narrow scope and medium-high fidelity

Answer 286

A. Medium scope and low-medium fidelity *Focus begins to narrow in on the problem in this phase and the reliability ranges from poor to good

Question 287

PRELIMINARY INDIRECT ASSESSMENT

Answer 287

- Internal Validity: Very low Subjective, Correlational | - External validity: Low to medium Depends on who/ when

Question 288

Descriptive Assessment

Answer 288

-Internal validity: Low Correlational | External validity: Medium to high natural env

Question 289

Which of the following is a purpose for conducting behavioral assessments? ``` A. Reduce need for program monitoring B. Identify target behaviors C. Identify appropriate DSM diagnosis D. All of the above E. A and B but not C ```

Answer 289

B. Identify target behaviors

Question 290

Behavioral Assessment

Answer 290

-Systematic gathering of information, used for? *Guiding decisions about bx & the env *Single Method? No, may include a range of methodologies *Characteristics of Bx Assessment: Observable/ measurable Bx, Remember: Behavioral dimension, Ecological, Bx is situation-specific, On-going assessment

Question 291

Which of the following is a characteristics of behavioral assessment: ``` A. Use of pre- and post-tests B. Taking an ecological perspective C. Evaluating behavior as the same in all situations D. Description of behavior as a symptom of some underlying cause ```

Answer 291

B. Taking an ecological perspective

Question 292

Preliminary Indirect Assessment

Answer 292

Includes: Record review, interviews, questionnaires Used during the early, preliminary, stage of assessment

Question 293

Direct Naturalistic Observation

Answer 293

Informed by the indirect assessment

Question 294

Systematic Manipulation

Answer 294

-Includes functional analysis Discussed more in future units

Question 295

Referral Problems

Answer 295

* Some types? - Skill deficits sometimes called can't do - Performance problems - Compliance issues some times called Won't to - Other issues (e.g. strength, fluency) * Issues with stimulus control or Generalization - Behavioral excess or prob Bx

Question 296

Steps for Preliminary Assessment

Answer 296

1. Determine who has the authority to give consent 2. Do you have the permission, skills, time and resources 3. Intake paperwork 4. Initial review of records & existing data 5. Meet client & observe 6. Document

Question 297

When beginning a preliminary assessment, how should one start? ``` A. Review existing records B. Meet the client and observe C. Find out who can provide consent for services D. Assess the time and skills that would be needed ```

Answer 297

C. Find out who can provide consent for | services

Question 298

Robin is has just finished looking over a potential client’s recent reports and data collected by a previous BCBA. What step in conducting a preliminary assessment would come after this?

Answer 298

C. Meet the client, if appropriate, for initial | observations

Question 299

Indirect Assessment Methods

Answer 299

-Records Review: Document to review: Evals & Assess, support plans, schedules, Tx plans, process notes, reports and data, other correspondence Information Obtained: Bx repertoires, env factors, medical history, legal info *Structured Forms *Behavioral Interviews

Question 300

*Structured Forms | Indirect methods

Answer 300

Pre-designed tools that can be filled out be caregivers Some commonly used tools: o Motivational Assessments Scale (MAS) o Functional Assessment Screening Tool (FAST) o Sleep Assessment and Treatment Tool (SATT)

Question 301

Indirect Assessment Methods

Answer 301

*Records Review *Structured Forms *Behavioral interview Information obtained includes identification and description of: o Behaviors, ecological events, events the predict bx, potential functions, efficiency of behavior, alternative bx, communication skills, potential SR, history

Question 302

``` Lily arranges a time to meet with her client Ferdinand’s father. She asks about the frequency of Ferdinand’s aggressive outbursts, what they look like, and situations that they tend to occur in. ``` ``` Which type of indirect assessment does this describe? A. Records review B. Structured form C. Behavioral interview ```

Answer 302

C. Behavioral interview

Question 303

Ted provides a client’s caregivers with a tool that asks many predominantly closed-ended questions about the behavior of interest. He sits with them as it’s completed and asks follow-up questions as needed. Which type of indirect assessment does this describe? A. Records review B. Structured form C. Behavioral interview

Answer 303

B. Structured form

Question 304

*Descriptive Assessment Procedures

Answer 304

- Narrative Recording - ABC Data Collection - Scatterplot Analysis - Data Collection Across Conditions

Question 305

Narrative Recording Sometimes called? Anecdotal observation

Answer 305

``` • Observation and recording of events across a specified time • Notes are taken on the behavior and environmental variables • Can be interpreted using a sequence analysis ```

Question 306

Narrative Recording Example

Answer 306

Monday-Frank 8:45am-9:00am Seated classwork Frank was completing a worksheet while receiving teacher help. The teacher left Frank’s table to help another student. Frank shoved a table-mate and the teacher moved Frank to a seat closer to the front of the room.

Question 307

Descriptive Assessment Procedures ABC Data Collection

Answer 307

• Involves structured data collection on all instance of specified responses and relevant environmental variables • When a targeted response occurs the data collector will mark the relevant As, Bs, and Cs or record them in an open-ended form • Can be analyzed using a sequence analysis

Question 308

Descriptive Assessment Procedures Scatterplot

Answer 308

``` *Vertical axis indicates time intervals • Horizontal axis indicates days • Mark during intervals behavior occurs - Occurrence/nonoccurrence - Discrete categorization coding system • What time of time sampling data is this? (hint: PIR, WIR, MTS) - Partial interval recording • Can be interpreted using a pattern analysis ```

Question 309

Descriptive Assessment Procedures Data Collection Across Conditions

Answer 309

``` • Observe and take data on the behavior of interest in several contexts - Not manipulating environmental variables • Compare the measure of behavior across conditions to identify: - Antecedent conditions - Potential maintaining SRs • Compare and contrast conditions in which behavior occurs versus does not occur ```

Question 310

Which type of descriptive assessment Clare collects data on the rate of Frank’s shoving during circle time, during recess, and during independent work times. She looks to see under which situation the behavior occurs most A. Scatterplot B. Narrative recording C. ABC data collection D. Data collection across conditions

Answer 310

D. Data collection across conditions

Question 311

``` Which type of descriptive assessment Clare collects codified data across the school week on the occurrence of Frank’s shoving. During an interval in which the behavior occurs Clare marks that square on her data sheet. ``` A. Scatterplot B. Narrative recording C. ABC data collection D. Data collection across conditions

Answer 311

A. Scatterplot

Question 312

``` Which type of descriptive assessment Clare watches Frank in his classroom. She takes continuous notes on what Frank is doing and the environmental variables as they occur. ``` A. Scatterplot B. Narrative recording C. ABC data collection D. Data collection across conditions

Answer 312

B• Narrative recording If she was marking pre-specified behaviors and variables? -ABC Data collection

Question 313

Which analysis does this describe? _____ Analysis • Identifies patterns of behavior across time/conditions • Examines the times in which behavior does or does not occur

Answer 313

*Pattern Analysis Which assessment method is Summarized this way? Scatter Plot

Question 314

Sequence Analysis * Summarizes the sequence of conditions surrounding bx * Which assessment method is summarized this way?

Answer 314

*Narrative and ABC data collection

Question 315

Which type of analysis. When Frank’s teacher is assisting another student he is likely to shove other kids, this typically results in access to teacher attention A. Pattern analysis B. Sequence analysis

Answer 315

B. Sequence analysis

Question 316

Which type of analysis. Frank shoves kids most often before recess and between snack time and the end of the school day. A. Pattern analysis B. Sequence analysis

Answer 316

A. Pattern analysis-We would get this data from what type of direct assessment? Scatter plot

Question 317

Internal Validity

Answer 317

The extent to which the results of an assessment accurately represent what occurs in the natural environment

Question 318

External Validity

Answer 318

The extent to which an assessment’s findings hold true across variations in environmental conditions and/or time