Unit 10

Question 1

Process modeling

Answer 1

The capturing of an ordered sequence of business activities and supporting information

Question 2

Levels of process modeling

Answer 2

-Process maps
-Process descriptions
-Process models

Question 3

BPMN

Answer 3

-A flow-chart based notation for defining Business Processes
-BPMN is an agreement between multiple modeling tools vendors,who had their own notations,to use a single notation for the benefit of end-user understand and training

Question 4

BPMN development drivers

Answer 4

-Must be acceptable and usable by the business community
-Although executable processes triggered the development of BPMN,it was expected that BPMN would be used for more general business purposes
-BPMN is intended to be methodology agnostic
-Methodologies will give guidance as to the purposee and level of detail for modeling
-BPMN is as complex as it needs to be

Question 5

Swimlanes

Answer 5

-Help partition and organize activities
-2 main types of swimlanes
-Pool represent participants in an interactive(B2B) Business Process Diagram
-Lane represent sub-partitions for the objects within a pool

Question 6

Pools

Answer 6

Pools represent participants in an interactive(B2B) Business Process Diagram
-A participant may be a business role
-A pool may be a “block box” or may contain a process
-Interaction between pools is handled through message flow
-sequence flow cannot cross boundary of a pool

Question 7

Lanes

Answer 7

-Represent sub-partitions for the objects within a pool
-They often represent organization roles but can represent any desired process characteristic
-Sequence flow can cross lane boundaries

Question 8

Activities

Answer 8

An activity is work that is performed within a business process.
An activity can be atomic or non-atomic.
The types of activities that are a part of a process model are:sub-process and task

Question 9

Tasks

Answer 9

A task is an atomic activity that is included within a processs.
A task is used when the work in the process is no broken down to a finer level of process model detail
-Markers or icons can be added to Tasks to help identify the type of Task

Question 10

Event

Answer 10

-Is something that “happens” during the course of a business process
These events affect the flow of the process and usually have a trigger or a result.They can start,interrupt,or end the flow

Question 11

Start events

Answer 11

-Where a process will begin
-There are different “Triggers” that indicate the specific circumstances that start the process
-None start events are used to mark the start of sub-processes or when the start is undefined
-The link start event will be removed in the next version of BPMN
-Any one of the triggers included in a multiple start event will start the process

Question 12

Intermediate events

Answer 12

-Intermediate events occur after a process has been started and before a process is ended
-There are different “triggers” that indicate the specific circumstances of the event
-They can be placed in the normal flow of the process or attached to the boundary of an activity

Question 13

Intermediate events(normal flow)

Answer 13

-Events that are placed within the process flow represent things that happen during the normal operations of the process
-They can represent the response to the event
-They can represent the creation of the event

Question 14

Intermediate events (attached to boundary)

Answer 14

-Events that are attached to the boundary of an activity indicate that the activity should be interrupted when the event is triggered
-They can be attached to either tasks or sub-process
-They are used for error handling,exception handling,and compensation

Question 15

End events

Answer 15

-End events indicates where a process will end
-There are different “results” that indicate the specific circumstances that end the process
-None start events are used to mark the start of sub-processes or when the start is undefined
-The link end event will be replaced in the next version of BPMN

Question 16

Gateways

Answer 16

-Are modeling elements that are used to control how sequence flows interact as they converge and diverge within a process
-All types of gateways are diamonds
-Different internal markers indicate different types of behaviour
-All gateways both split and merge the flow
-If the flow does not need to be controlled,then a gateway is not needed.Thus a diamond represents a place where control is needed

Question 17

Exclusive gateways(decisions)

Answer 17

-Exclusive gateways(decisions) are locations within a business process where the sequence flow can take two or more alternative paths.This is basically the “fork in the road” for a process

Question 18

Two types decision mechanism

Answer 18

-Data
-Events
They are used to merge sequence flow

Question 19

Exclusive gateways,based on data

Answer 19

-These are the most commonly used type of gateways
-They can be shown with/without an internal “X” marker
-The gateway(decision) creates alternative paths based on defined conditions

Question 20

Exclusive gateways,based on events

Answer 20

-This type of decision represents a branching point in the process where the alternatives are based on events that occurs at that point in the process,rather than conditions
-The multiple intermediate event is used to identify this gateway

Question 21

Inclusive gateways

Answer 21

-Inclusive gateways are decisions where there is more than one possible outcome
-The “O” marker is used to identify this Gateway
-They are usually followed by a corresponding merging inclusive gateway

Question 22

Connectors

Answer 22

-A sequence flow is used to show the order that activities will be performed in a process
-A message flow is used to show the flow of messages between two entities that are prepared to send and receive them
-An association is used to associate data,info and artifacts with flow objects

Question 23

Sequence flow

Answer 23

The source and target must be one of the following objects:events,activities and gateways
-A sequence flow cannot cross a sub-process boundary or a pool boundary

Question 24

Message flow

Answer 24

-In the BPMN,separate pools are used to represent the participants
-A message flow can connect to the boundary of the pool or to an object within the pool
-Message flow are not allowed between objects within a single pool