Unit #2

Question 1

Cell Anatomy & Physiology

Cell Theory

Answer 1

• All organisms are made up of living cells
• The cell is the basic living unit of organization for all organisms
• All cells crome from pre-existing cells

Question 2

Cell Anatomy & Physiology

Activities of Life

Answer 2

• Cells are the smallest unit of life
• Most everything you think of a whole organism needing to do, must be done at the cellular level . . .
  
  • reproduction
  • growth & development
  • energy utilization
  • response to the envoirnment
  • homeostasis

Question 3

Cell Anatomy & Physiology

How do we study cells?

Answer 3

• Microscopes opened up the world of cells

Question 4

Cell Anatomy & Physiology

General Cell Characteristics

Answer 4

• All cells:
• surrounded by a plasma membrane
• have cytosol
  semi-fluid substance within the membrane
  cytoplasm = cytosol + organelles
• contain chromosomes which have genes in the form of DNA
• have ribosomes
  tiny cell structure that make protiens using intructions contained in genes

Question 5

Cell Anatomy & Physiology

Types of cells

Answer 5

• Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic cells
  Location of chromosomes is different
  Prokaryotic cell
• DNA in nucleoid region, withount a membrane sperating from rest of cell
  Eukaryotic cell
• chromosomes in nucleas, membrane-enclosed organelle

Question 6

Cell Anatomy & Physiology

Eukaryotic cells

Answer 6

• Eukaryotic cells are more complex than prokaryotic cells
  withing cytoplasm is a variety of membrane-bounded organelles
  specialized structures in form & function
• Eukaryotic cells are generally bigger than prokaryotic cells

Question 7

Cell Anatomy & Physiology

What is not in an Animal Cell?

Answer 7

• Chloroplasts
• Central vacuole and tonoplast
• Cell wall
• Plasmodesmata

Question 8

Cell/plasma membrane

Answer 8

• Exchange organelle
  plasma membrane function as selective barrier
  allows passage of O2, nutrients & wastes

Question 9

Cell Anatomy & Physiology

Organelles & Internal membranes

Answer 9

• Eukaryotic cell
• • internal membranes
    
    • partition cell into compartments
    • create different local environments
    • compartmentalize function
    • membranes for different compartments are specialized for their function
      
      • • different structures for specific function
      • • unique combination of lipids & protiens

Question 10

Cell Anatomy & Physiology

What jobs do cells have to do?

Answer 10

1. building protiens
* protiens control every cell function
2. make energy
* for daily life
* for growth
3. build more cells
* growth
* reproduction
* repair

Question 11

Cell Anatomy & Physiology

Building Protiens

Answer 11

• Organelles involved
  
  • nucleas
  • ribosomes
  • endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
  • Golgi apparatus
  • vesticles