Eukaryotic cells
internal membranes and true nucleus
True or false: Prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus.
TRUE
Prokaryotic cells include bacteria and archaea.
What is the function of the nucleus?
It stores genetic material and controls cellular activities.
The mitochondria are known as the _______ of the cell.
powerhouse
What is the role of the endoplasmic reticulum?
synthesizes proteins and lipids.
lysosome
An organelle that contains digestive enzymes to break down waste.
Plant cells have cell walls.
(true/false)
TRUE
Cell walls provide structure and support in plant cells.
What is the function of the Golgi apparatus?
It modifies, sorts, and packages proteins for secretion.
Chloroplasts are responsible for _______ in plant cells.
photosynthesis
autrophic
plant-like, makes its own food
heterotrophic
animal-like, gets food from other sources.
subcellular organelles
each organelle has a specialized function that helps the cell operate efficiently
Why is the rough ER called “Rough?”
It has ribosomes on its surface.
Why is the smooth ER called “smooth”
no ribosomes.
Smooth ER
makes lipids, helps detoxify drugs, stores calcium
Rough ER
makes proteins, folds them, sends them to Golgi apparatus for packaging.
Golgi complex
receives proteins and lipids from ER, modifies them, sorts and packages them, and sends them off.
Motochondria
breaks down food, produces ATP, regulates metabolism, and has its own DNA.
lysosomes
break down waste, contain enzymes, defend cells, recycle materials.
vacuole
stores water and waste, keeps cell shape
chloroplasts
sunlight needed to make food, produce oxygen, and green pigment.
Cell membrane
Protects the cell, allows good things/no bad things, keeps the cell balanced and healthy
phospholipid structure
Head- hydrophilic
Tail-hydrophobic
Amphipathic
Molecule with both hydrophilic and hydrophobic parts
