Unit 2-Alcohols

Question 1

What functional group do all alcohols contain?

Answer 1

Hydroxyl (-OH) group

Question 2

How are alcohols classified?

Answer 2

Primary, secondary or tertiary

Question 3

What are alcohols isomers of?

Answer 3

Ethers

Question 4

What type of intermolecular bonding do alcohols contain?

Answer 4

Hydrogen bonding

Question 5

How does hydrogen bonding affect boiling point?

Answer 5

Increases boiling points

Question 6

How does the hydroxyl group affect solubility?

Answer 6

Alcohols are miscible with water; solubility decreases as chain length increases.

Question 7

How can alcohols be prepared from alkenes?

Answer 7

Acid‑catalysed hydration.

Question 8

How can alcohols be prepared from haloalkanes?

Answer 8

Nucleophilic substitution.

Question 9

How can alcohols be prepared from aldehydes or ketones?

Answer 9

Reduction using LiAlH₄

Question 10

What does hydrolysis of esters produce?

Answer 10

An alcohol and a carboxylic acid.

Question 11

What reaction converts an alcohol into an alkene?

Answer 11

Dehydration

Question 12

What does oxidation of a primary alcohol produce?

Answer 12

An aldehyde then a carboxylic acid on further oxidation.

Question 13

What does oxidation of a secondary alcohol produce?

Answer 13

A ketone.

Question 14

Do tertiary alcohols oxidise?

Answer 14

No

Question 15

How can an alcohol be converted into a haloalkane?

Answer 15

Reaction with hydrogen halides or halide ions in acidic conditions.

Question 16

How can an alcohol be converted into an ester?

Answer 16

Reaction with a carboxylic acid (with acid catalyst) or an acid chloride.

Question 17

What do alcohols and alkali metals produce?

Answer 17

Alkoxide ions and hydrogen gas.

Question 18

What happens when alcohols combust?

Answer 18

They burn to form carbon dioxide and water.