What is the simplest aromatic hydrocarbon?
Benzene (C6H6)
Why is benzene unusually stable?
It’s π electrons are delocalised over the ring, forming a conjugated system.
Why does benzene not undergo addition reactions?
Addition would break the delocalised π system and reduce stability.
What is a phenyl group?
A benzene ring with one hydrogen replaced (-C6H5)
What reactions do benzene rings undergo?
Electrophilic substitution reactions.
Why does benzene undergo substitution rather than addition?
Substitution preserves the delocalised ring, addition would destroy it.
What catalyst is used for halogenation of benzene?
- AlCl3 or FeCl3 for chlorination
- AlBr3 or FeBr3 for bromination.
What is alkylation of benzene?
Reaction with a haloalkane using AlCl3 to form an alkylbenzene.
What reagents are used for nitration of benzene?
Concentrated nitric acid and concentrated sulfuric acid.
What reagent is used for sulfonation of benzene?
Concentrated sulfuric acid.
What bonding model describes benzene?
sp2 hybridisation, σ bonds in the ring, and a delocalised π system above and below the plane.
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Unit 1-Electromagnetic Radiation And Atomic Spectra11
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Unit 1-Atomic Orbitals18
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Unit 1-Electronic Configurations And The Periodic table32
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Unit 1-Shape And Polyatomic molecules21
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Unit 1-Transition Metals35
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Unit 1-Chemical Equilibrium14
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Unit 1-Acid/Base Equilibria30
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Unit 1-Reaction Feasibility12
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Unit 1-Kinetics11
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Unit 1-Glossary31
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Unit 2-Recap And Molecular Structure18
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Unit 2-Molecular Orbitals30
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Unit 2-Bond Fission & Curly Arrows7
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Unit 2-Nucleophiles & Electrophiles6
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Unit 2-Haloalkanes & Nucleophilic Substitution16
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Unit 2-Alcohols18
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Unit 2-Ethers10
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Unit 2-Alkenes13
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Unit 2-Carboxylic Acids8
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Unit 2- Amines8
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Unit 2-Aromatics11
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Unit 2-Stereochemistry15
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Unit 2-Experimental Determination Of Structure20
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Unit 2-Pharmaceutical Chemistry12
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Unit 2-Glossary1
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Unit 3-Gravimetric Analysis7
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Unit 3-Volumetric Analysis8
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Unit 3-Practical Skills And Techniques18
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Unit 3-Glossary1
