What does Ohm’s Law state?
Current is directly proportional to the potential difference across a component, represented by the formula V = I R.
What is the formula for voltage in relation to current and resistance?
V = I R, where V is voltage in volts (V), I is current in amperes (A), and R is resistance in ohms (Ω).
What factors affect the resistance of a conductor?
Material of the wire, length of the wire, cross-sectional area (thickness), and temperature.
How is potential difference measured in a circuit?
Potential difference is measured across a component, while current is measured through it.
What is electromotive force (e.m.f.)?
E.m.f. is the electrical potential energy given to each coulomb of charge passing through a source.
How much energy does a coulomb gain from a 9 V cell?
Each coulomb gains 9 joules of energy.
What happens to voltage in a series circuit?
Voltage is split between components in a series circuit.
What happens to voltage in a parallel circuit?
Voltage is the same across all components in a parallel circuit.
What is the total resistance formula for resistors in series?
R_total = R1 + R2 + R3 + … (sum of all resistances).
What is the total resistance formula for resistors in parallel?
1/R_total = 1/R1 + 1/R2 + 1/R3 + … (sum of the reciprocals of all resistances).
What is a potential divider?
A circuit used to split a voltage between resistors in proportion to their resistance.
What is the formula for power in terms of energy and time?
P = E / t, where P is power in watts, E is energy in joules, and t is time in seconds.
What is the formula for power in terms of current and voltage?
P = I V, where P is power in watts, I is current in amperes, and V is voltage in volts.
What is the formula for power in terms of current and resistance?
P = I² R, where P is power in watts, I is current in amperes, and R is resistance in ohms.
What is the formula for power in terms of voltage and resistance?
P = V² / R, where P is power in watts, V is voltage in volts, and R is resistance in ohms.
How does the resistance change when resistors are added in series?
The total resistance increases when resistors are added in series.
How does the resistance change when resistors are added in parallel?
The total resistance decreases when resistors are added in parallel.
What happens to the potential difference across a resistor when another component is placed in parallel with it?
The potential difference across the resistor will decrease.
What is the relationship between the current flowing through components in a series circuit?
The current is the same through all components in a series circuit.
What is the relationship between the current flowing through components in a parallel circuit?
The current splits among the components in inverse proportion to their resistance.
What is the effect of increasing the temperature of a conductor on its resistance?
Increasing the temperature of a conductor typically increases its resistance.
What is the significance of a light bulb in a circuit with respect to energy transformation?
A light bulb transforms electrical energy into heat and light.
What does it mean for voltage to be split in a series circuit?
It means that the total voltage is divided among the components based on their resistances.
What is the total energy given up by each coulomb of charge in the example provided?
Each coulomb of charge gives up a total of 9 joules of energy.
