What does Newton’s First Law state?
An object will remain at rest or continue to move in a straight line at constant speed unless acted on by an unbalanced force.
What is the formula for Newton’s Second Law?
Funbalanced = m a, where Funbalanced is the unbalanced force, m is mass, and a is acceleration.
What is the unit of force in the SI system?
Newton (N)
If a force of 1 N is applied to a mass of 1 kg, what is the acceleration produced?
1 m/s²
What is the importance of the net unbalanced force in calculations?
It is the net unbalanced force that determines the acceleration of an object.
What is the equation to remember for unbalanced force?
Fun = m × a
What is a free body diagram?
A diagram that shows all the forces acting on a body.
What happens when an object reaches terminal velocity?
The forces acting on the moving body are balanced, resulting in constant velocity.
How does air resistance affect an object’s acceleration?
As velocity increases, air resistance increases until it balances the accelerating force.
What happens to the reading on scales when a person is in a stationary lift?
The scales read the person’s weight.
What do the scales read when the lift accelerates upwards?
The scales read the person’s weight plus the unbalanced force required for acceleration.
If a lift accelerates downwards, what happens to the scale reading?
The scale reading decreases by the amount of the unbalanced force.
What is the weight of a 50 kg person?
490 N (calculated as 50 kg × 9.8 m/s²)
What is the tension in the coupling between train carriages if the unbalanced force is 1900 N and friction is 2000 N?
3900 N (tension must overcome friction and provide the accelerating force).
What is the total mass of a train consisting of an engine with mass 40,000 kg and two carriages of mass 5000 kg each?
50,000 kg (40,000 kg + 5,000 kg + 5,000 kg).
What is the acceleration of a train if the pulling force is 25,000 N and total friction is 3,000 N?
0.38 m/s² (calculated using Fun = m a).
What is the role of gravitational force in analyzing motion?
Gravitational force (weight) must be included along with any frictional forces acting on the object.
What occurs if the lift cable breaks?
The scales will read zero as the lift falls freely.
What is the effect of acceleration on the scales in a lift moving at a steady speed?
The scales measure the passenger’s weight, which remains constant.
How does the unbalanced force relate to the acceleration of an object?
The unbalanced force is directly proportional to the acceleration of the object.
What is the significance of indicating the direction of acceleration in a free body diagram?
It helps to visualize how forces are acting on the object and the resulting motion.
What happens to the scale reading when the lift accelerates at -1.0 m/s² while moving upwards?
The scales read 440 N, which is less than the person’s weight.
What is the relationship between mass and gravitational field strength?
Weight is calculated as mass multiplied by gravitational field strength (weight = mass × g).
What is the effect of frictional forces on the acceleration of a moving train?
Frictional forces oppose motion and reduce the net unbalanced force available for acceleration.
