List 3 key ways in which prokaryotic cells differ from eukaryotic cells
- Nucleus: prokaryotes have no true nucleus
- Membrane bound organelles: prokaryotes do not have organelles
- Size: prokaryotes are smaller in size
List two differences between Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial CELL WALLS
Gram positive:
1. thick layer of peptidoglycan
2. contains teichoic acids
Gram negative:
1. thin peptidoglycan
2. outer membranes contains LPS
The region where prokaryotic DNA can be located is called the
Nucleoid
One purpose of extrachromosomal DNA in bacteria is
Antibiotic Resistance
Inclusions
Used to store excess nutrients such as glucose and sulfur
When exposed to harsh chemicals some bacteria will form resilient dormant structures called
Endospores
Prokaryotic plasma membranes typically lack _____, which cane found in eukaryotic plasma membranes
Sterols
The main components of bacterial cell walls is called
peptidoglycan
Penicillin specifically prevents formation of ___ ___ in the bacterial cell wall
Peptidoglycan cross-links
A type of glycocaylx that is rigid and organized
Capsule
Short bristle-like appendages used for attachment are called
fimbriae
Long, less numerous protein appendages that are used for the transfer of DNA are called
Pili
___ which bacteria use as propellors, extend out of the cell and spin in solution
Flagella
In petritrichous bacteria, when all the flagella are rotating counterclockwise, a __ movement occurs
Running
Movement of organisms away from heat is known as
Negative thermotaxis
Genetic variation in prokaryotes is achieve through
- Transformation
- Transduction
- Conjugation
