Why did artists often extend invitations to the viewer in their artwork?
It made the viewer an essential part of the work and it gave the viewer a sense of ownership of the scene depicted.
_____________ start popping up more and more in art of the Baroque era, as they started to become a symbol for the competition between artists and nature in producing an image that is as real as possible.
Mirrors
What did people like Martin Luther, John Calvin, John Knox, and Ulrich Zwingli start in protest when they pointed out the flaws in the Catholic way of doing things?
Protestant Christian faiths
In the 17th century, the two most powerful countries in Europe were _________ and England.
France
Chiaroscuro is an Italian term that literally translates as ___.
from light to dark
Which was the Baroque era marked by?
artistic genius of Velazquez, Caravaggio, and Rembrandt
Artists full of enthusiasm created a plethora of high-quality art, and many of these artists began to specialize in specific subjects like _______, landscapes, animals, and interior portraits.
still lifes
El Greco’s style is known as mannerism, which consisted of intense, inward-looking emotion and figures that look _____, rather than in their natural state.
posed
Because religious-themed art was the norm in the Belgian south, and strictly forbidden in the strict Calvinist churches of the Dutch north, the result in the Netherlands was _______.
a typically secularized subject matter
One trait that was common to all Baroque artists was mastery in _____ to achieve a deeply rich and emotional impact.
the use of light
In the early ___, the Catholic Church took a huge hit.
1500s
What was the mission of the Holy Office of the Inquisition?
to round up heretics and deal with them
Rubens created _______.
The Three Graces
__________ was a Dutch artist who had the incredible ability to capture the personality of his model, largely through fleeting facial expressions.
Hals
Gainsborough developed into an incredible portrait artist in his own right, usually having his sitters wear casual, ________ dress, which echoed his easygoing, laid-back personality and style.
contemporary
__________ was one of the most outstanding Baroque painters, simply for the way he reflected the social representation of what he could call “ideal beauty.”
Rubens
Why did Baroque painters employ the dramatic use of light and shadow?
to emphasize the emotional and psychological nature of their subjects
Since religious art was prohibited in the Puritan churches of England, English Baroque art took the form of ________ that defined and elevated one’s status in the eyes of others.
portraiture
The financial patronage of the Catholic Church during the Baroque era helped Italian and Spanish artists experiment in new ideas like ________ and spiritual emotion.
facial
The mission of the ___ was to build an order on a very strict set of rules for living and developing spiritually.
Jesuits
Why did Pope Paul III gather together high-level Catholic leaders in 1542 to the city of Trent, Italy?
to discuss ways in which the Catholics could address their doctrine
Flanders was dominated by the Catholic Church and a ruling _________, while Holland was an independent democracy with Protestant ties.
monarchy
_________ focused on painting idyllic landscapes and gave them a dreamlike, almost unbelievable beauty.
Claude
Rembrandt’s early paintings are based on physical action, _______ emotion, and used dramatic contrasts of dark and light to add to the emotion of his pieces.
melodramatic
