types of intermolecular bonding
dipole-dipole
hydrogen bonding
london-dispersion
which intermolecular bonding is strongest and which is weakest?
hydrogen - strongest
dipole-dipole
london-dispersion - weakest
what kind of bond is hydrogen bonding?
H and lone pair of electrons on either N, O, F
what kind of bonding is dipole-dipole?
assymetric polar molecules
what kind of bonding is london dispersion?
symmetric nonpolar of noble gases
higher molar mass, stronger LD
3 terms of liquid state
viscosity
surface tension
capillary action
viscosity
resistance to flow
increase IF=increase viscous
increase temp. = decrease viscous
surface tension
resistance of a liquid to an increase in surface area
increase surface tension = increase IF
capillary action
spontaneous rising of a liquid up a narrow tube
adhesive vs cohesive
adhesive - forces between the liquid and tube
cohesive - between forces and molecules
6 phase changes
freezing
melting/fusion
evaporation/vaporization
condensation
sublimation
deposition
list the state changes of the 6 phase changes
freezing L to S
melting/fusion S to L
evaporation/vaporization L t G
condensation G to L
sublimation S to G
deposition G to S
which phase changes are endo and which are exo?
Endo: melting/fusion, evaporation, sublimation (HEAT IT)
Exo: freezing, condensation, deposition (morning dew=condensation)
vapor pressure
-pressure of a gas above a liquid in a sealed container at equilibrium
-increase temp. increase VP
-increase IF decrease VP
-increase molar mass, decrease VP
2 types of solid states
-amorphous
-crystalline
amorphous solids
-disorganized and random
-broad melting points
crystalline solids
-atoms arranged and make lattice
-precise melting points (ionic)
3 types of unit cells
-simple (1 atom)
-face centered (4 atoms)
-body centered (2 atoms)
what is a center, edge, face, and corner worth?
center : 1
edge : 1/4
face : 1/2
corner : 1/8
polar lewis dot structures are…
asymmetric, bonds REMAIN
non polar lewis dot structures have
symmetric shape, bonds CANCEL
mass percent equation
Mass A / total mass x 100
ppm and ppb equations
mass solute / total mass x 10^6
mass solute / total mass x 10^9
mole fraction or X equation
mol solute / total mol
