Unit 5 Flashcards by Deleted Deleted

Historically, what was the embryo considered?

A parasite

Where the environment was protection for the developing embryo

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What state is the mortality rate in the US and why

Pretty bad

Teen pregnancy
Drug/alcohol use
Lack of prenatal education

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What does SFD, AFD and LFD stand for

SFD = Small for date
AFD = Average for date
LFD = Large for date

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What do these terms refer to looking at

Looking at babies birth weight to see if there is problems

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What does premature mean

Baby born early

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Is the embryo recognisable?

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Is the fetus recognisable?

Yes

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What is the chance of survival at 7 months of gestation

50%

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What is the chance at 8 months

90%

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What is the chance at 9 months

99%

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What is Teratogen

Environmental agent that causes harm to embryo/fetus

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What is the Epigenetic period?

Is it general or specific?

Period of particular susceptibility to harm

Both

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What is the general principle with teratogen

The earlier the exposure to a teratogen, the more significant the effect

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What was thalidomide used for and what did it cause

Morning sickness

Made babies deformed

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What is the second general principle

Hypoxia - effects cognitive ability

SFD

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What prenatal complications does smoking have

Premature rupture of membranes

Increased chance of spontaneous abortion
Higher rates of stillbirth
Intrauterine growth retardation

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What are the behavioural effects of smoking

Reduced mental alertness
Reduced visual alertness
Mother is less likely to breast feed

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What do people think of exercising during pregnancy

Exceeding 120 bpm is too much

2. Not good to start if you were not active before pregnancy

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Physically active women who are pregnant can better deal with…

Labor pain

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What are the ACOG guidelines to exercising when pregnant (6)

Do not exercise to exhaustion
Choose non-weight bearing activities
Avoid abdominal trama
Do not overheat
Avoid high altitude exertion
6/ Resume regimen 4 -6 weeks postpartum

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What are some maternal effects with exercises when pregnant

Changes in core temperature - can effect the fetus
HGH released - loosens the joints
High heart rate - reduces blood flow to fetus

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What is obesity

Someone with a bmi over 30

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Obesity leads to a two to four times more risk of babies developing what

Brain and Spinal defects.

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What is the main problem associated with obesity in the pregnant woman

Study These Flashcards

Hypoxia = decrease availability for oxygen for the baby - difficult delivery

What is the grandmother effect

Malnutrition in mother which then has a baby daughter Then daughter has daughter Last daughter could have issues

What is malnutrition

Bad diet | It is generational

What happens if there is a reduction in folic acid in the diet

Spina bifida

What is spina bifida

Spinal cord is exposed | Paralysis may occur

What are the three types of drugs

Prescription Non-prescription (OTC) Recreational

What is the general rule behind drugs

The less drugs the better during pregnancy

Drugs have an affect on what is growing and developing the fastest during what period

Ingestion of the drug

What effects do prescription drugs have

1. May damage growing or developing during time of ingestion | 2. May affect fetus when intentions were to effect the mother e.g. thyroid medication

What are OTC usually considered as What do they contain

Safe Many chemicals that could be hazardous to pregnant women

What is a great example of a OTC which causes major problems for pregnant women

Aspirin Causes hemoraging and still birth

What are obstetric drugs

drugs taken during child birth

What is the Leboya technique

water births

What is lemars technique

coaching the mother to distract her from pain

What is Fetal alcohol syndrome

Cluster of birth defects resulting from prenatal alcohol exposure

What does Fetal alcohol syndrome cause in children

1. Characteristics of facial features 2. Mental retardation 3. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder 4. Retarded physical growth in stature, weight, head circumference 5. IQ = 67

Whats the best way to stop FAS

Do not drink when pregnant

What is the chance of FAS if the mother actively drinks

40-50%

What are the effects of cocaine during pregnancy (4)

1. 25% higher incidence of SGA 2. Fetal brain damage 3. Increased chance of miscarriage 4. Increased risk for SIDS

What do "cocaine babies" exhibit (2)

1. 5 times greater chance of mental retardation than general population 2. Fine and gross motor deficiencies detectable beyond 2 years of age

What are the symptoms of the "cocaine baby"

Jittery Irritable Withdrawn

What is the research on Cannabis use during pregnancy (3)

1. Little conclusive research 2. No know obstetric complications 3. Drug not thought to alter fetal growth

What 4 types of maternal diseases What are the examples for each

Viral - Rubella, HIV Parasitic - Toxoplasmosis Hematological - Rh incompatibility Endocrine - diabetes mellitus

What is Rubella also known as

German measles

What are some of the defects of Rubella

``` Growth/mental retardation Glaucoma Cataracts Bony lesions Hepatitis Cardiac anomalies Deafness ** ```

What is HIV What is unique with the disease on offspring

Human Immunodeficiency virus Easily passed on to offspring by: In utero During delivery Through breast milk

What does HIV cause in the child

``` Loss of milestones Failure to attain milestones Imparied brain growth Spasticity Muscle weakness Ataxia - lack of controlled movement ```

What are the two main problems with Toxoplasmosis in newborns

1. Newborns will experience convulsions | 2. Newborns will have motor problems

Steps of Rh factor incompatibility (5)

1. Rh+ man , Rh- woman = Rh+ baby 2. Rh+ blood escapes fetal circulation 3. Rh+ blood in maternal circulation - treated as foreign 4. 1st offspring unaffected 5. Subsequent offspring will elicit antibody reaction

What is the mother given after the first delivery if there is Rh incompatibility

Rho Gam injection

What are some of the characteristics of Rh Incompatibility (4)

1. Anemia 2. Immature RBCs 3. Edema 4. Jaundice

What are some of the risks that may cause problems with child (4)

1. If mother is over 35 during time of birth 2. Already had a child with genetic disease 3. Family history of genetic disease 4. Medical history of genetic traits

What is amniocentesis

Needle through abdominal wall

When can genetic testing be done

15-20 weeks

When can Chorionic villus sampling be done

10-12 weeks

When can the Alpha fetoprotein blood test be done What does it detect

15-20 weeks If baby has neural tube defects or down syndrome

Unit 5 Flashcards

(59 cards)