unit 6

Question 1

Urban area

Answer 1

A densely populated region with many buildings and infrastructure such as Denver.

Question 2

Metropolitan area

Answer 2

A city and its surrounding suburbs that are socially and economically connected such as the Denver metro area including Aurora and Lakewood.

Question 3

Site

Answer 3

The physical characteristics of the place where a city is located such as New York developing on a natural harbor.

Question 4

Situation

Answer 4

A city’s location relative to other places and resources such as Chicago growing because it is near the Great Lakes.

Question 5

Urban sprawl

Answer 5

The uncontrolled expansion of cities into surrounding rural land such as suburbs spreading far outside Phoenix.

Question 6

Urbanization

Answer 6

An increase in the percentage of people living in cities such as people moving from rural areas to cities in China.

Question 7

Suburbanization

Answer 7

The movement of people from cities to surrounding suburbs such as families moving from downtown Denver to suburban neighborhoods.

Question 8

Edge city

Answer 8

A large suburban center with offices, shopping, and entertainment such as Tyson’s Corner near Washington, DC.

Question 9

Boomburbs

Answer 9

Fast-growing suburbs with large populations but no traditional downtown such as Mesa, Arizona.

Question 10

Exurbs

Answer 10

Communities beyond the suburbs where people live but commute into cities for work such as people living far outside Denver and driving into the city.

Question 11

Telecommuting

Answer 11

Working remotely from home using the internet instead of commuting such as someone living in a rural area but working online for a company in a city.

Question 12

Infill

Answer 12

Developing unused land within an existing urban area such as building apartments on an empty lot downtown.

Question 13

Basic industry

Answer 13

Industries that sell goods outside the city and bring money into the local economy such as a factory exporting cars worldwide.

Question 14

Non-basic industry

Answer 14

Businesses that serve the local population and circulate money within the city such as grocery stores or hair salons.

Question 15

Gravity Model (applied to urbanization)

Answer 15

A model predicting interaction between places based on population size and distance meaning larger cities attract more migration and trade than smaller towns.

Question 16

Rank-Size Rule

Answer 16

A pattern where city sizes follow a ranking where the second-largest city is about half the size of the largest as seen in the United States.

Question 17

Primate city

Answer 17

A city that is much larger and more influential than other cities in a country such as Paris in France.

Question 18

Central Place Theory

Answer 18

A theory explaining how cities are spaced to provide goods and services to surrounding areas with small towns offering basic goods and large cities offering specialized services.

Question 19

Threshold

Answer 19

The minimum number of customers needed to support a business such as a luxury car dealership needing many wealthy buyers nearby.

Question 20

Range

Answer 20

The maximum distance people are willing to travel for a service such as traveling farther for a hospital than for a grocery store.

Question 21

Megacity

Answer 21

A city with more than 10 million people such as Tokyo.

Question 22

Metacity

Answer 22

A massive urban area with more than 20 million people such as Tokyo or Delhi.

Question 23

Megalopolis

Answer 23

A chain of connected metropolitan areas forming one large urban region such as the BosWash corridor from Boston to Washington DC.

Question 24

World cities

Answer 24

Cities that have major influence over global economic systems such as New York, London, and Tokyo.

Question 25

Urban hierarchy

Answer 25

A ranking of cities based on population size and economic importance such as small towns, medium cities, and global cities.

Question 26

Concentric-zone model

Answer 26

the simplest model showing a city growing outward in rings from the CBD with poorer housing often located near the zone in transition around downtown. (north america)

Question 27

Hoyt Sector model

Answer 27

A model showing city growth in wedge-shaped sectors along transportation routes. It acounts for not just distance but also direction from the cbd. it was made when train was the main form of transportation. (north american)

Question 28

Multiple-nuclei model

Answer 28

A model where cities develop around several centers instead of a single CBD. The areas are not geometric. This is showed in LA (north american)

Question 29

Nodes

Answer 29

Central points where activities and transportation routes connect such as major transit stations or busy downtown intersections.

Question 30

Galactic city model

Answer 30

A model showing a metropolitan area with edge cities and suburbs surrounding the central city. it was made to acomodate for cars. (North American)

Question 31

Latin American city model

Answer 31

A model where a wealthy corridor extends from the CBD and poorer housing is located on the outskirts as mainly seen in Mexico City. (based on colonialism)

Question 32

CBD / Market Area

Answer 32

The central business district is the main downtown area where business occurs and the market area is the region from which customers are attracted such as downtown Chicago serving nearby neighborhoods.

Question 33

Public services

Answer 33

Services provided by the government to support residents such as police departments, public schools, and fire departments.

Question 34

Consumer services

Answer 34

Businesses that provide services directly to individuals such as restaurants, retail stores, or salons.

Question 35

Retail services

Answer 35

Businesses that sell goods directly to consumers such as clothing stores and supermarkets.

Question 36

Business services

Answer 36

Services that support other businesses such as accounting firms or consulting companies.

Question 37

Zone in transition

Answer 37

An area around the CBD with mixed land use, industry, and lower-income housing often consisting of older industrial neighborhoods near downtown.

Question 38

Disamenity zones

Answer 38

Areas with environmental disadvantages like pollution or noise such as housing located near factories or highways.

Question 39

Squatter settlements

Answer 39

Areas where people build housing illegally on land they do not own common on the edges of many developing-world cities.

Question 40

African city model

Answer 40

A city model showing 3 cbd's like in legos (based on colonialism)

Question 41

Southeast Asian city model

Answer 41

A city model showing zones based on a port typical of cities like Jakarta/manila. the big middle section is there to highlight the growing middle class in those areas. (based on colonialism)

Question 42

Zoning

Answer 42

Government regulations controlling how land can be used such as designating areas only for residential housing.

Question 43

Public housing

Answer 43

Housing funded or owned by the government to support low-income residents such as government-run apartment complexes.

Question 44

Ecological footprint

Answer 44

The amount of land needed to support a population’s resource use such as cities requiring food and energy from distant regions.

Question 45

Mixed-use development

Answer 45

Development where residential, commercial, and business buildings are located together such as apartments built above stores.

Question 46

Walkability

Answer 46

How easy it is to travel through an area on foot such as neighborhoods with sidewalks, short blocks, and nearby stores.

Question 47

Transportation-oriented development

Answer 47

Urban development designed around public transportation stations such as housing and businesses built near subway stops.

Question 48

Smart-growth policies

Answer 48

Urban planning strategy that reduce sprawl and promote sustainable development such as building dense housing near transit and transportation oriented development so people don't rely on cars.

Question 49

Mixed-use zoning

Answer 49

Zoning that allows multiple types of land use in one area such as buildings containing shops, offices, and apartments. This supports smart growth and reduces urban sprawl.

Question 50

Traditional zoning

Answer 50

Zoning laws that separate residential, commercial, and industrial land uses such as suburbs with only houses.

Question 51

New Urbanism

Answer 51

An urban planning movement promoting walkable neighborhoods and mixed land uses such as communities designed with parks and nearby stores.

Question 52

Slow-growth cities

Answer 52

Cities that intentionally limit development to control population growth and protect quality of life by restricting new construction.

Question 53

Urban growth boundary

Answer 53

A legal boundary limiting where urban development can occur such as Portland restricting development outside city limits.

Question 54

Greenbelt

Answer 54

Protected land surrounding a city where development is restricted often farmland or forests.

Question 55

Economic base

Answer 55

The industries that bring money into a city from outside sources such as tourism supporting Orlando’s economy.

Question 56

De facto segregation

Answer 56

Segregation that occurs naturally due to social or economic patterns rather than laws such as neighborhoods separated by income levels.

Question 57

Redlining

Answer 57

A discriminatory practice where banks refuse loans or services to certain neighborhoods based on race or income preventing many residents from buying homes.

Question 58

Blockbusting

Answer 58

A real estate practice where agents encourage homeowners to sell by creating fear that minority groups will move into the neighborhood leading to rapid neighborhood change.

Question 59

Zones of abandonment / grayfields

Answer 59

Areas where businesses or industries have closed and buildings remain empty such as abandoned shopping centers.

Question 60

Filtering

Answer 60

A process where housing becomes occupied by lower-income residents as buildings age and wealthier residents move to newer homes common in older urban neighborhoods.

Question 61

Inclusionary zoning laws

Answer 61

Policies requiring developers to include affordable housing in new developments ensuring some housing remains accessible to lower-income residents.

Question 62

Land tenure

Answer 62

The legal right individuals or groups have to own or use land such as holding a property title.

Question 63

Eminent domain

Answer 63

The government’s power to take private land for public use while compensating the owner such as land taken to build highways.

Question 64

Environmental injustice

Answer 64

A situation where environmental hazards disproportionately affect poorer or minority communities such as factories located near low-income neighborhoods.

Question 65

Urban renewal

Answer 65

Government programs aimed at redeveloping and improving older urban areas often rebuilding deteriorated downtown districts.

Question 66

Gentrification

Answer 66

A process where wealthier residents move into poorer neighborhoods increasing property values and often displacing original residents such as trendy businesses replacing older local stores.

Question 67

Lack of affordable housing

Answer 67

A condition where housing costs are too high for many residents to afford forcing some people to move away from cities.

Question 68

Regional planning

Answer 68

Planning and coordinating development across multiple cities or counties in a region such as transportation systems designed for an entire metro area.

Question 69

Brownfields

Answer 69

Abandoned industrial land that may be contaminated but can be cleaned and redeveloped such as old factories converted into parks or housing.

Question 70

Farmland protection policies

Answer 70

Policies designed to prevent farmland from being converted into urban development protecting agricultural land from suburban expansion.

Question 71

Urban heat islands

Answer 71

Urban areas that are warmer than surrounding rural areas because buildings and pavement absorb and retain heat making downtown areas hotter than nearby countryside.