AP Psychology > UNIT 8 MC > Flashcards

UNIT 8 MC Flashcards

Terms and Definitions Flashcards to help complete Unit 8 MC Test - Psychological Disorders (38 cards)

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1
Q

What is a Psychological Disorder?

A

Persistently harmful thoughts, feelings and actions.

When a behavior is:
- Deviant
- Distressful
- Dysfunctional

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2
Q

What is an Anxiety Disorder?

A

A group of conditions where the primary symptoms are anxiety or defenses against anxiety.

(EX: The patient fears something awful will happen to them).

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3
Q

What is Generalized Anxiety Disorder?

A

When a person is continuously tense, apprehensive and in a state of autonomic nervous system arousal.

They are constantly tense and worried, feel inadequate, are oversensitive, can’t concentrate suffers from insomnia.

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4
Q

What are the symptoms of Schizophrenia?

A
  • Disorganized thinking
  • Disturbed perceptions
  • Innappropriate Emotions and Actions
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5
Q

What is Paranoid Schizophrenia?

A

Preoccupation with delusions or hallucinations.

“Somebody is out to get me!!!”

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6
Q

What is Disorganized Schizophrenia?

A

Disorganized speech or behavior, or flat or Inappropriate emotion.

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7
Q

What is Catatonic Schizophrenia?

A

Parrot-like repeating of another’s speech and movements.

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8
Q

What is Undifferentiated Schizophrenia?

A

Many and varied symptoms.

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9
Q

What is Depression?

A

The “common cold” of psychological disorders.

  • It is like a warning that something is wrong
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10
Q

What is a Major Depressive Disorder?

A

When a person for no apparent reason, experiences two or more weeks of depressive moods.

  • Includes feelings of worthlessness and diminished interest or pleasure in most activities
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11
Q

What are Dissociative Disorders?

A

When conscious awareness becomes separated (dissociated) from previous, thoughts and feelings.

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12
Q

What is Dissociative Amnesia?

A

A Dissociative Disorder characterized by a blocking out of critical personal information, usually of a traumatic or stressful nature.

DOES NOT RESULT FROM OTHER MEDICAL TRAUMA (ex. a blow to the head)

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13
Q

What are the types of Dissociative Amnesia?

A
  • Localized Amnesia
  • Selective Amnesia
  • Generalized Amnesia
  • Systematized Amnesia
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14
Q

What is Localized Amnesia?

A

When an individual has no memory of traumatic events that took place.

The loss of memory is localized with a specific window of time.

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15
Q

What is Selective Amnesia?

A

When an individual can recall only small parts of events that took place in a defined period of time.

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16
Q

What is Generalized Amnesia?

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A

Diagnosed when a person’s amnesia encompasses his/her entire life.

17
Q

What is Systematized Amnesia?

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A

When an individual has a loss of memory for a specific category of information.

EX: A person might be missing all memories about one specific family member.

18
Q

What is Antisocial Personality Disorder?

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A
  • Characterized by a lack of conscience (inner voice telling you that doing something harmful is wrong)
  • People with this disorder are prone to criminal behavior, believing their victims are weak and deserving of being taken advantage of
  • They tend to lie and steal and be aggressive with the concern about their needs and not others
19
Q

What is Narcissistic Personality Disorder?

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A
  • Characterized by self-centeredness (I WONDER WHO THAT COULD BE)
  • They exaggerate their achievements, expecting others to recognize them as being superior
  • Weird about picking friends because they think no one is worthy of being their friend
  • Typically uninterested in the feelings of others and may take advantage of them
20
Q

What is Obsessive Compulsive Disorder?

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A
  • ALSO KNOWN AS OCD -
    An Anxiety Disorder characterized by unwanted repetitive thoughts (obsessions) and/or actions (compulsions).
    EXAMPLE:
    Fear of contamination of germs, dirt, etc…. reaction to this would be constantly washing your hands.
21
Q

What is Borderline Personality Disorder?

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A
  • Characterized by mood instability and poor self-image
  • Prone to constant mood swings and bouts of anger
  • They will take their anger out on themselves, causing themselves injury
  • Suicidal threats and actions are not uncommon
  • They are quick to anger when their expectations are not met
22
Q

What is Bipolar Disorder?

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A

When an individual alternates between the hopelessness and lethargy of depression and the overexcited state of mania.

23
Q

What is Conversion Disorder?

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A

A condition in which an individual experiences physical and sensory problems.

Could be paralysis, numbness, blindness, deafness or seizures with no underlying neurologic pathology.

24
Q

What are the symptoms of Conversion DIsorder?

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A
  • Weakness or paralysis
  • Loss of balance or difficulty walking
  • Tremors or seizures
  • Vision problems, such as double vision or blindness
  • Hearing problems or deafness
  • Difficulty speaking or inability to speak
  • Difficulty swallowing
25
What is a Phobia?
When an individual experiences sudden episodes of intense dread. EXAMPLE: Aerophobia (fear of flying).
26
What is Post Traumatic Stress Disorder?
- Also known as PTSD - When an individual often relives traumatic events. This could happen with flashbacks or even dreams.
27
How do you treat PTSD?
- Psychotherapy and medication - There could be mood changes, loss of interest in old hobbies, possible amnesia or emotional outburst, trouble sleeping, and reckless behavior
28
Who is Aaron Beck?
- Believed that changing people's thinking can change their functioning - Analyzed the dreams of depressed people - Cognitive therapy = clients recall and rehearse their failings and worst impulses, which reversed their beliefs about themselves - HE USED COGNITIVE THERAPY TO GET PEOPLE TO TAKE OFF THEIR "DARK SUNGLASSES" IN WHICH THEY VIEW THEIR SURROUNDINGS
29
Who is Albert Ellis?
- Rational emotive behavior therapy - Helped identify irrational beliefs/negative thought patterns that may lead to emotional or behavior issues
30
Who is Sigmund Freud?
- Psychoanalysis = helped patients reclaim their unconscious thoughts/feelings and gave them insight into the origins of their disorders. - Overcome resistance. - A psychoanalyst wants you to become aware of the resistance and together interpret (ex. Latent Content) its underlying meaning.
31
What is Behavior Therapy?
- A range of treatments and techniques which are used to change an individual's maladaptive responses to specific situations. - The client learns principles to the elimination of unwanted behaviors. - Since the behavior is the problem, we need to change it.
32
What is Systematic Desensitization?
- Developed by Joseph Wolpe - A type of counterconditioning that associates a pleasant relaxed state with gradually increasing anxiety-triggering stimuli - Used Progressive Relaxation (muscle relaxation to form connections between the mind and the body) - Used Exposure Therapy (presented Phobia to patients to overcome the fear) - Used Flooding (facing your fear at an intense, maximum level)
33
What is Cognitive Therapy?
- A therapy that teaches people new, more adaptive ways of thinking and acting; based on the assumptions that thoughts intervene between events and our emotional reactions - Therapists try to teach people new, more constructive ways of thinking - Patients involved in Cognitive Therapy scored lower on the Depression test post-therapy
34
What is active listening?
- Central to Roger's client-centered therapy - Empathetic listening where the listener echoes, restates, and clarifies
35
What is Group Therapy?
- Attending therapy sessions with others that face similar struggles as you - Individuals don't get as much individual attention from the therapist, but at the same time individuals are able to see others going through the issues and problems - It was a good way to practice social behaviors
36
What is the Psychodynamic Approach?
- Psychoanalytic (what you see in movies and tv shows) takes place - The goal is to discover the unconscious motives and childhood experiences that shape who the person is and to understand why they're having the symptoms that they are having
37
What is the Biomedical Approach?
- Therapies aimed at altering the body chemistry - To do that, they used meds - When a new drug is released there is too much enthusiasm - Most use a double-blind procedure to combat placebo and experimental effects
38
What is the Cognitive Approach?
- Rational-emotive behavior therapy... An action-oriented Approach that's focused on helping people deal with irrational beliefs and identifying self-defeating thoughts and feelings, and replace them with healthier, more productive beliefs
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