What is the significance of birds accident triangle
Tackling the less serious events means that there is a very good chance of stopping the major losses from happening
Explain ConocoPhillips Marine contribution to birds accident triangle
They undertook a similar study and found that for every fatality there are at least 300 000 at risk behaviors
Explain the Multiple causation theory for incidents
Any single accident there are many contributing surface and root causes. Contributing factors may include:
Environmental factors (hazardous conditions in the workplace
Behavioral factors ( improper attitude, lack of knowledge
Explain H.W. Heinrich’s domino theory
the occurrence of an injury invariably results from a complicated sequence of factors, the last one being the accident itself
List be aspects of the domino theory
accident sequence was likened to dominoes knocking each other down
- Sequence is:
- injury caused by
- accident due to an
- unsafe act & / mechanical or physical hazard due to a
- fault of the person caused by their
- ancestry or social environment
- The accident is avoided (Heinrich) by removing one of the dominoes, normally the middle one - unsafe act
Explain the update to the domino theory
Bird and Loftus, introduced two new concepts:
- Influence of management and managerial error
- Loss, as the result of an accident could be production loss, property damage, wastage of assets
Explain the theory of multiple causation
- According to Peterson, behind every accident there lie many contributing factors, causes and sub cause. The theory of multiple causation is that these factors combine together, in random fashion causing accidents
List the main categories of Accident Causation and Human Error
- immediate causes
- indirect causes
- human error
List the two main categories of immediate causes:
- unsafe acts
- unsafe conditions
List examples of unsafe acts
- failure to use PPE
- working without authority
- horseplay
- using equipment in the wrong way
List examples of unsafe conditions
- poor housekeeping
- bad maintenance
- poor lighting
List examples of indirect causes
- lack of policies and procedures
- lack of training and supervision
- lack of resources
- unsuitability of person to task
List the two categories of human failures
- active failures
- human failures
List the two categories of active failures
Intentional errors
Unintentional errors
List the 3 catogories of intentional errors
Routine
Situational
Exceptional
List the 2 categories of unintentional errors
Mistakes
Skill based errors
List the two categories of mistakes
Rule based
Knowledge based
List two categories of mistakes
Slips of action
Lapses in memory
What are latent failures
Aspects of the company which can
Immediately predispose active fail e.g
poor design of plant & equipment
List the formulas for calculating freq rate
Total number of accidents / total man hours worked X 1 000 000
List the formula for incidence rate
Total number accidents / total number of people X 10 000
List formula for severity rate
Total no of days lost / total number of hours worked X 1000
List formula for mean duration rate
Total no of days lost / total no of accidents
List the reasons for investigating accidents
-To fulfil the legal requirements
-To determine the cost of the accidents
-To determine compliance with applicable safety regulations
-To process workers compensation claims
-To find the cause and to prevent similar accidents in the future
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