Upper Limb: Breast

Question 1

Where is the breast located?

Answer 1

sub cut layer of anterior wall (2-6th CC)
lies over pec major + serratus anterior
extends laterally into axillary tail

Question 2

What is located in the arealar and nipple?

Answer 2

15-20 lactiferous ducts converge into nipple
elevated seb glands

Question 3

what are elevated seb glands in the nipple called?

Answer 3

tubercles of montgomery

Question 4

what does the posterior capsule contain?

Answer 4

strands of fibre = suspensory ligaments of cooper

Question 5

what are the x2 functions of the suspensory ligaments of cooper?

Answer 5

attach breast to dermis + underlying fascia

seperate secretory lobules of breast

Question 6

where is the retromammary space located and what can be placed in there?

Answer 6

between capsule and fascia of pec major

breast implants

Question 7

What is the blood supply of the medial aspect of the breast?

Answer 7

internal thoracic artery

Question 8

what is the x4 blood supply of the lateral aspect of the breast?

Answer 8

lateral thoracic artery
thorcoacromial artery
lateral mammary
mammary branch

Question 9

what is the lateral thoracic and thorcoacromial artery a branch of?

Answer 9

axillary artery

Question 10

what is the lateral mammary artery a branch of?

Answer 10

posterior intercostal artery

Question 11

what is the mammary artery a branch of?

Answer 11

anterior intercostal artery

Question 12

what is the blood supply of the upper part of the breast?

Answer 12

pectoral branches pf thoracoacromial artery

Question 13

what is the venous drainage of the breast?

Answer 13

axillary and internal thoracic veins

Question 14

what are the x3 groups of lymph nodes in the breast?

Answer 14

axillary
parasternal
posterior intercostal

Question 15

where do the lymph of upper and outer quadrants drain to?

Answer 15

axillary and infraclavicular

Question 16

where do the lymph of the lower and inner quadrants drain to?

Answer 16

parasternal

Question 17

where do the lymph of the nipple and the areolar drain to?

Answer 17

subareolar lymphatic plexus

Question 18

do the superficial lymph cross the midline?

Answer 18

yes

Question 19

what is the nerve supply of the breast?

Answer 19

cut branches of intercostal nerves T4-T6

Question 20

what is the embryological development of the breast?

Answer 20

modified apocrine sweat gland
thickened mammary ridge of ectoderm

Question 21

what is at risk during an axillary dissection?

Answer 21

internal thoracic nerve
thoracodorsal nerves
main cords of brachial plexus

Question 22

what can be dissected with fat and lymph in the breast?

Answer 22

intercostal branchial nerve

Question 23

if the pec major remains during dissection what must be preserved?

Answer 23

lateral pectoral nerve