Upper Respiratory

Question 1

Deviated septum

Answer 1

Manifestations
-septum bent to one side
-trouble breathing
-nasal edema
-dryness
Management
-allergy control
-septoplasty
-no ASA or NSAIDs 2 wks prior to surgery

Question 2

Nasal Fracture Care

Answer 2

• ice

- closed or open reduction: septoplasty, rhinoplasty

Question 3

Rhinoplasty

Answer 3

cosmetic or improve airway

• nasal packing removed in 24 hrs; prevent bleeding
• plastic: scar formation; stent removed in 3-5 days

Question 4

Allergic Rhinitis

Answer 4

• intermittent: less than 4 dys a week or 4 wks a yr

- persistent: more than 4

Question 5

Cetirizine

Answer 5

Zyrtec

• antihistamine
• SE: pharyngitis, dryness, drowsiness

Question 6

Antihistamines

Answer 6

• for: allergies, motion sickness, anxiety

- watch for: drowsiness, tachycardia, dry

Question 7

Antitussives, Expectorants, Mucolytics

Answer 7

• benzo: nonproductive cough with drowsiness, GI upset, & constipation
• Guaif: creates productive cough with GI upset, nausea, drowsiness

Question 8

Acute Viral Rhinitis

Answer 8

common cold

-antipyretics, analgesics, echinacea

Question 9

Flu

Answer 9

• A: most common; H (enter cell), N (cell transition)
• ducks -> pigs -> chicks -> humans
• pulmonary complications

Question 10

Sinusitis

Answer 10

inflammation or swelling of the mucosa

• acute: upper respiratory infection, allergic rhinitis, swimming, dental manip
• chronic: allergies and nasal polyps

Question 11

Sinusitis Manifestions

Answer 11

• acute: sinus pain, purulent nasal drainage, fever, congestion, malaise
• chronic: no fever, facial/dental pain, congestion, severe pain & purulent drainage are ABSENT
• D: x-rays, CT

Question 12

Sinusitis Meds

Answer 12

• antibiotic: symptoms > 7 days

- broad spectrum antibiotic for 4-6 wks (chronic)

Question 13

Acute Pharyngitis

Answer 13

caused by viral, bacterial, or fungal infection

• acute follicular: strep
• Meds: antibiotics, antifungal, avoid citrus

Question 14

Sleep apnea

Answer 14

cessation of spontaneous resp for > 10 sec

• OSA: partial or complete airway obstruction
• D: polysomnography

Question 15

Sleep Apnea Care

Answer 15

• sleep on side, elevate HOB
• avoid sedatives and alcohol before bed
• lose weight
• CPAP or BiPAP

Question 16

Head and Neck Cancer

Answer 16

• RF: 50 or > with tobacco & alcohol use, poor diets, HPV, men
• early M: painless, hoarseness, leuko/erythroplakia,
• late: acidic foods increase pain, uilateral sore throat or ear, lump in throat

Question 17

Tracheostomy

Answer 17

Indications for a tracheostomy are to (1) bypass an upper airway obstruction, (2) facilitate removal of secretions, (3) permit long-term mechanical ventilation, and (4) permit oral intake and speech