urbanisation

Question 1

urbanisation

Answer 1

increasing proportion of a countries population lives in town and citites

Question 2

urban growth

Answer 2

increase in the number of urban dwellers

Question 3

urbanism

Answer 3

culture in the urban areas

Question 4

megacity

Answer 4

population over 10m

Question 5

metacity

Answer 5

population over 20m

Question 6

patterns of urbanisation - 1950/2017

Answer 6

global urban population in 1950 - 746m
global urban population in 2017 - 4.1bn
- india, china and nigeria account for 37% of the growth between 2014-2050

Question 7

mega cities

Answer 7

asia hold the majority - india, china and japan
- africa and asia predicted to have the most mega cities in the future
- tokyo (38m), Delhi(25.7m), London(10m)
- london is lower because of the greenbelt

Question 8

meta cities

Answer 8

continous built up area
- pearl river delta, china: government planning the merge of 9 cities

Question 9

stages of urbanisation

Answer 9

1. suburbanistion
2. counter urbanisation
3. urban resurgence

Question 10

suburbinisation

Answer 10

the decentralisation of people, employment and services towards the edges of an urban area

Question 11

counter urbanisation

Answer 11

population movement from large urban areas to smaller urban settlements and rural areas

Question 12

urban resurgence

Answer 12

population movement from rural back to urban areas
associated with upwardly mobile young people
encourages a revival of some inner city and CBD areas

Question 13

effects of industrial revolution

Answer 13

proportion in cities
1801 - 17%
1891 - 72%

Question 14

effects of industrial revolution 1950-70

Answer 14

suburbanisation dominant
- increasing car ownership encouraged urban sprawl

Question 15

effects of industrial revolution
1980-90

Answer 15

counter urbanisation
- manufacturing jobs were lost in sector shift

Question 16

effects of industrial revolution 2000-

Answer 16

urban resurgence
- regeneration projects encourages poeple back

Question 17

suburbanisation causes

Answer 17

• transport systems growth
• car ownership
• housing on rural urban fringe
• demand for green space
• desire for less congestion

Question 18

suburbanisation effects

Answer 18

• decentralisation
• social segregation
• urban sprawl

Question 19

suburbanisation - detorit example

Answer 19

• car industry lost momentum
• social segregation between 8 mile road
• white flight

Question 20

counter urbanisation causes

Answer 20

• economic decline
• excessive pollution
• overcrowding
• better value housing

Question 21

counter urbanisation effects

Answer 21

• urban to rural migration
• leads to regeneration
• rise in rural house prices
• more personal transport use

Question 22

urban resurgence causes

Answer 22

• government regeneration schemes

Question 23

urban resurgence effects

Answer 23

• socio economic inequalities
• higher prices
• higher quality of life

Question 24

social urban growth processes

Answer 24

natural increase: age is younger, lower death rates, higher birth rates
rural urban migration: improved quality of life, jobs/education/healthare
cultural hubs: social and culture background migrating

Question 25

economic urban growth processes

Answer 25

industrialisation: stable manufacturing jobs

Question 26

technological urban growth processes

Answer 26

centre of innovation: technological advancement, quarternary secotr increase

Question 27

political urban growth processes

Answer 27

unequal mega cities in wealth: political movements represent working class, government policty and regeneration

Question 28

demographic urban growth processes

Answer 28

social segregation: international migration leads to cultural diversity, job diversity attracts young generation

Question 29

consequences of urban growth e.g bangladesh

Answer 29

- poor living conditions - disease - limited service access - 85% live in slums - single toilet to 400 people

Question 30

consequences of urban growth - urban sprawl

Answer 30

requires more road - decentralisation - traffic congestion

Question 31

consequences of urban growth - shortage of housing in LIC

Answer 31

informal settlements - air, noise and water pollution

Question 32

consequences of urban growth - shortage of housing in HIC

Answer 32

increase in house prices - immigration, gentrification

Question 33

consequences of urban growth - lack of servies and waste disposal

Answer 33

infrastructure maintenance limited - traffic congestion, water pollution and disease

Question 34

consequences of urban growth - unemployment

Answer 34

pressure to create jobs - informal employment

Question 35

consequences of urban growth - transport issues

Answer 35

urbanisation leads to traffic increase - congestion and pollution - health issues

Question 36

processes of urban change - deindustrialisation

Answer 36

loss of manufacturing industries in HIC - competition from abroad - mechanisation - reduced demand - value and productivity in service industries

Question 37

processes of urban change - decentralisation

Answer 37

movement of population and industry away from urban centres into suburbs - occurred same time as rise of service economy

Question 38

deindustrialisation - social

Answer 38

- family break down - unemployment - crime

Question 39

deindustrialisation - economic

Answer 39

- decline in property prices - lower incomes - loss of jobs

Question 40

deindustrialisation - environmental

Answer 40

- dereliction - lower population - lower economic activity

Question 41

deindustrialisation - urban decline, scotswood newcastle

Answer 41

- urban deprivation, housing and economic opportunities - 265k redevelopment - construction of new schools, community centres and attracting government funds

Question 42

deindustrialisation - unemployment

Answer 42

- long term is 12+ months - structural unemployment: conflict between skills offered and skills in demand

Question 43

gentrification

Answer 43

character of area changed by wealthier people - driven by private enterprise

Question 44

regeneration

Answer 44

driven by government policy

Question 45

problems in inner city

Answer 45

social - overcrowding, crime, drugs, unemployment economic - unemployment, low education environment - poor conditions, lack of services

Question 46

gentrification in brixton demographics

Answer 46

large afro-caribbean population developed after the windrush

Question 47

brixton gentrification - positive impacts

Answer 47

- welcoming - encouraging business - attracting people - crime decreased

Question 48

brixton gentrification - negative impacts

Answer 48

- losing identity - local elaving due to inflamed prices - lack of community value - no investment into community - stakeholder need to be involved - ethnic minorities pushed out