Urbanisation

Question 1

Pull factors to Mumbai

Answer 1

• Family members moved here
• Employment in factories and services in cities offered better pay
• Global rep for education
• Petroleum employment opportunities
• Larger access to Hospital treatment
• Aspiration to improve general living standards
• High GDP

Question 2

Problems in Dharavi

Answer 2

• 1 Million people
• 1 toilet to 1500
• 1 hour of water every morning
• no rubbish collection

Question 3

Consequences of suburbanisation in LA

Answer 3

• Urban smog
• Donut city
• Social segregation
• Water
• Waste
• Energy

Question 4

Describe urban smog in LA

Answer 4

• 10 million car owners
• poor public transport so only 10.2% of commuters use it
• Congested freeways
• High pressure system over LA traps pollution

Question 5

Describe the donut city

Answer 5

• Turned itself inside out
• Factories in the inner suburbs closed due to oversea competition
• Businesses moved to cheaper land
• Manufacturing industries followed
• Middle and high income earners also moved out
• The centre declines and the suburbs flourished

Question 6

Waste in LA

Answer 6

-24 million people produce 50 000 tonnes of waste daily

Question 7

Reasons for growth in LA

Answer 7

• Transportation- transcontinental railway from east = 0.5 million people arrived in 40 years after 1876
• Employment- discovery of oil, ford car plant, manufacturing industries
• Hollywood image of glamour
• greater affluence so people moved to California sun belt= idyllic place to live

Question 8

Wilmington changes

Answer 8

• Communication links (A2 to London and Dartford tunnel)
• Family designed housing construction
• 7 schools in total including one for special needs
• Rural character of area
• Car ownership increase
• Industrial estates built

Question 9

Wilmington problems of suburbanisation

Answer 9

• Shops close as commuters use centres
• Pollution from increase in cars
• Ghost towns created
• Loss of village character
• Loss of greenfield land

Question 10

Wilmington before

Answer 10

• Agricultural settlement
• Focus on the market gardening
• Arable farming land
• 8 farms
• Large manor houses
• Industries such as paper making and breweries

Question 11

Pull factors to Birmingham

Answer 11

• People want to be close to shopping centres
• Agglomeration
• Lots of Jobs (HSBC, BBC)
• Close to entertainment
• No need to own a car
• Bars and clubs nearby
• Smaller apartments

Question 12

Push factors to Birmingham

Answer 12

• Commuting times along M5 M6 and A38 and long
• Gardening is not a priority
• Some don’t like children
• Houses in suburbs are to large for couples
• Taxs etc on cars