Use Basic TCP/IP Concepts

Question 1

is set of rules that allows networked hosts to communicate data in a structured format.

Answer 1

protocol

Question 2

is a set of rules that governs how data packets are routed and addressed to travel across networks to their correct destination.

Network layer

Answer 2

Internet Protocol (IP)

Question 3

is responsible for delivering the data to that destination. can identify and recover from lost or out-of-order packets, mitigating the inherent unreliability of IP.

transport layer

Answer 3

Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)

Question 4

is the second layer of the OSI model, responsible for reliable data transfer between two directly connected network nodes. It achieves this by framing data, performing error detection and correction, controlling the flow of data, and using physical addresses (MAC addresses) for local communication.

Answer 4

Data Link layer of the OSI model

Question 5

is a communication protocol that finds the physical MAC address of a device on a local network when given its IP address. It works by broadcasting an ARP request asking which device has a specific IP address, and the device with that IP address responds with its MAC address. This process is crucial for data packets to be sent to the correct destination on a local network.

Answer 5

Address Resolution Protocol (ARP)

Question 6

a protocol provides unreliable, connectionless
forwarding. makes sending data faster and can be tolerated glitches/squeak in videos/audio.

transport layer

Answer 6

User Datagram Protocol (UDP)

Question 7

situated at the top of the OSI model, acts as the interface between applications and the network, enabling users to interact with network services like email and web browsing.

Answer 7

Application Layer

Question 8

form of addressing comes in dotted decimal form of 4 octects(8 bits) converted from 1’s & 0’s. may be any value between 0.0.0.0 and 255.255.255.255 and are assigned.

Answer 8

IPv4 Addressing

Question 9

of an IP address identifies the network itself, while the host part identifies a specific device on that network. The network part is the same for all devices on a given network, while the host part must be unique for each device.

Answer 9

Network Prefixes

Question 10

is a number that splits an IP address into a network portion (prefix) and a host portion. It’s also known as a prefix mask because the number of bits used for the network part is often expressed in the Classless Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR) notation, which uses a forward slash followed by the bit count (e.g., /24).

IP address

Answer 10

subnet mask

Question 11

is a feature that enables a Linux machine to act as a router by forwarding IP packets between different network interfaces.

transport layer

Answer 11

IPv4 Forwarding

Question 12

is the IP address of a router on a local network that serves as the “doorway” to other networks, like the internet.

Answer 12

default gateway

Question 13

addresses are allocated to customers networks by ISPs.

Answer 13

public IP address

Question 14

standard that defines specific IP address ranges for use in private networks, which are not routable on the public internet

Answer 14

private addressing
aka
RFC 1918

Question 15

private ip to public internet

is a networking technology that modifies IP address information in packet headers to allow multiple devices on a private network to share a single public IP address when accessing the internet.

Answer 15

network address translation (NAT)

Question 16

setting a unique IP address for a device on a network, typically consisting of four octets (numbers between 0 and 255) separated by periods, where the first portion identifies the network and the remaining part uniquely identifies the host within that network;

Answer 16

IPv4 Host Address Configuration

Question 17

a permanent number assigned to a device on a network.

Answer 17

static IP address

Question 18

is the IP address of a router that connects your local network to other networks, such as the internet.

Answer 18

default gateway

Question 19

is a network system that translates human-readable domain names (like “google.com”) into machine-readable IP addresses

Answer 19

Domain Name System (DNS)

Question 20

a host can receive its IP address, subnet mask, default gateway, and DNS server addresses from a

Answer 20

dynamic host
configuration protocol (DHCP) server.

Question 21

is a feature in operating systems that automatically assigns a computer an IP address in the range of 169.254.0.1 to 169.254.255.254

Answer 21

automatic private IP addressing (APIPA).

Question 22

a router has multiple interfaces, Both interfaces must be configured with an IP address and subnet mask:
* public digital modem interface to connect to the ISP (ISP’s DHCP server).
* private Ethernet interface on the LAN (router’s DHCP)

Answer 22

SOHO Router Configuration

Question 23

address is a 128-bit number and so can express
exponentially more address values that the 32-bit number used in IPv4. it is Hexadecimal address with two parts of Network/Interface ID number each 64bits (2001:0db8:0000:0000:0abc:0000:def0:1234)

Answer 23

IPv6

Question 24

IP addresses are used on the local segment to communicate with neighbor hosts. In hex notation, link-local addresses start with (fe80::)

IPv6 addressing

Answer 24

Link-local addresses

Question 25

is a method for IPv6-enabled devices to automatically create their own IPv6 addresses without a central server. most hosts obtain a global and link-local address via the local router. | IPv6

Answer 25

StateLess Address Auto Configuration (SLAAC).

Question 26

This dual-protocol approach supports a gradual transition to IPv6 while maintaining compatibility with legacy IPv4 systems and devices | IP addressing

Answer 26

Dual Stack

Question 27

convert an IP address to binary, perform the calculation and then convert back to the IPv4 decimal number representation known as a dotted quad. The same procedure works for 128-bit IPv6 addresses.

Answer 27

Subnet Mask Calculation

Question 28

a way of writing numerical data, particularly IP addresses, where each group of digits (called an octet) is separated by a period (dot), with each octet representing a decimal number between 0 and 255;

Answer 28

Dotted Decimal format

Question 29

It provides a blueprint for data transmission, allowing for interoperability between diverse hardware and software, and serves as a valuable tool for understanding and troubleshooting network issues.

Answer 29

OSI (Open Systems Interconnection) model

Question 30

OSI Seven Model Layers

Answer 30

7. Application Layer 6. Presentation Layer 5. Session Layer 4. Transport Layer 3. Network Layer 2. Data Link Layer 1. Physical Layer

Question 31

OSI Layer 1

Answer 31

Application Layer: Provides network services directly to the user's applications.