Using Preventive Agents

Question 1

1. Which of the following statements describes the incorporation of chemotherapeutic agents in the control of bacterial components of plaque biofilm?
   A Replaces brushing and flossing

B Supplements brushing and flossing

C Recommended for use by all patients

D No antibacterial role in plaque biofilm control

Answer 1

B Supplements brushing and flossing

Question 2

2. Which of the following fluoride compounds is NOT used in professionally administered fluoride products to prevent dental caries?
   A Sodium fluoride (NaF)

B Stannous fluoride (SnF 2 )

C Acidulated phosphate fluoride (APF)

D Sodium monofluorophosphate (MFP)

Answer 2

D Sodium monofluorophosphate (MFP)

MFP (D) is NOT used in professionally administered fluoride products to prevent dental caries, although it is found in many widely used dentifrices. NaF (A), or neutral fluoride, is preferred for professional applications for patients with mucositis, sensitivity, and esthetic restorations. NaF is the active agent in professionally applied fluoride varnish. SnF 2 (B) is available in professionally dispensed gels for dentinal hypersensitivity and as professional rinses, although the rinses have largely been replaced by other professional fluorides. APF (C) provides the greatest uptake when used for professional topical fluoride gel and foam applications because of the low pH.

Question 3

3. For the chemotherapeutic agent listed, select the MOST closely linked description on the agent’s use from the list provided.

_____ 1. MI paste and NuvaMin

A. Added to dentifrices to control gingivitis as well as dental caries; does not usually cause staining at the low dose required for dentifrice

B. Added to dentifrices to control formation of supramarginal calculus

C. Complex of casein phosphopeptides and amorphous calcium phosphate; used to manage dental caries by enhancing remineralization, especially in patients with inadequate saliva

D. Broad-spectrum antimicrobial detergent formulation added to dentifrices as an antiplaque, antigingivitis, and antiinflammatory agent

E. Only fluoride used for water fluoridation and in professionally applied fluoride treatments

F. Releases oxygen for antimicrobial effect to reduce gingivitis and malodor; used in treatment of NUG

G. Mouth rinse that binds to oral tissues; side effects include a burning sensation in the oral soft tissues and epithelial desquamation

H. Amorphous calcium phosphate complex added to prophylaxis paste and professionally dispensed dentifrice to enhance remineralization

I. Used to neutralize acid after vomiting in patients with bulimia or those undergoing chemotherapy

Answer 3

H. Amorphous calcium phosphate complex added to prophylaxis paste and professionally dispensed dentifrice to enhance remineralization

Question 4

3. For the chemotherapeutic agent listed, select the MOST closely linked description on the agent’s use from the list provided.

_____ 2. Hydrogen peroxide

A. Added to dentifrices to control gingivitis as well as dental caries; does not usually cause staining at the low dose required for dentifrice

B. Added to dentifrices to control formation of supramarginal calculus

C. Complex of casein phosphopeptides and amorphous calcium phosphate; used to manage dental caries by enhancing remineralization, especially in patients with inadequate saliva

D. Broad-spectrum antimicrobial detergent formulation added to dentifrices as an antiplaque, antigingivitis, and antiinflammatory agent

E. Only fluoride used for water fluoridation and in professionally applied fluoride treatments

F. Releases oxygen for antimicrobial effect to reduce gingivitis and malodor; used in treatment of NUG

G. Mouth rinse that binds to oral tissues; side effects include a burning sensation in the oral soft tissues and epithelial desquamation

H. Amorphous calcium phosphate complex added to prophylaxis paste and professionally dispensed dentifrice to enhance remineralization

I. Used to neutralize acid after vomiting in patients with bulimia or those undergoing chemotherapy

Answer 4

F. Releases oxygen for antimicrobial effect to reduce gingivitis and malodor; used in treatment of NUG

Question 5

3. For the chemotherapeutic agent listed, select the MOST closely linked description on the agent’s use from the list provided.

_____ 3. Pyrophosphates

A. Added to dentifrices to control gingivitis as well as dental caries; does not usually cause staining at the low dose required for dentifrice

B. Added to dentifrices to control formation of supramarginal calculus

C. Complex of casein phosphopeptides and amorphous calcium phosphate; used to manage dental caries by enhancing remineralization, especially in patients with inadequate saliva

D. Broad-spectrum antimicrobial detergent formulation added to dentifrices as an antiplaque, antigingivitis, and antiinflammatory agent

E. Only fluoride used for water fluoridation and in professionally applied fluoride treatments

F. Releases oxygen for antimicrobial effect to reduce gingivitis and malodor; used in treatment of NUG

G. Mouth rinse that binds to oral tissues; side effects include a burning sensation in the oral soft tissues and epithelial desquamation

H. Amorphous calcium phosphate complex added to prophylaxis paste and professionally dispensed dentifrice to enhance remineralization

I. Used to neutralize acid after vomiting in patients with bulimia or those undergoing chemotherapy

Answer 5

B. Added to dentifrices to control formation of supramarginal calculus

Question 6

3. For the chemotherapeutic agent listed, select the MOST closely linked description on the agent’s use from the list provided.

_____ 4. Quaternary ammonium compound

A. Added to dentifrices to control gingivitis as well as dental caries; does not usually cause staining at the low dose required for dentifrice

B. Added to dentifrices to control formation of supramarginal calculus

C. Complex of casein phosphopeptides and amorphous calcium phosphate; used to manage dental caries by enhancing remineralization, especially in patients with inadequate saliva

D. Broad-spectrum antimicrobial detergent formulation added to dentifrices as an antiplaque, antigingivitis, and antiinflammatory agent

E. Only fluoride used for water fluoridation and in professionally applied fluoride treatments

F. Releases oxygen for antimicrobial effect to reduce gingivitis and malodor; used in treatment of NUG

G. Mouth rinse that binds to oral tissues; side effects include a burning sensation in the oral soft tissues and epithelial desquamation

H. Amorphous calcium phosphate complex added to prophylaxis paste and professionally dispensed dentifrice to enhance remineralization

I. Used to neutralize acid after vomiting in patients with bulimia or those undergoing chemotherapy

Answer 6

G. Mouth rinse that binds to oral tissues; side effects include a burning sensation in the oral soft tissues and epithelial desquamation

Question 7

3. For the chemotherapeutic agent listed, select the MOST closely linked description on the agent’s use from the list provided.

_____ 5. Recaldent chewing gum

A. Added to dentifrices to control gingivitis as well as dental caries; does not usually cause staining at the low dose required for dentifrice

B. Added to dentifrices to control formation of supramarginal calculus

C. Complex of casein phosphopeptides and amorphous calcium phosphate; used to manage dental caries by enhancing remineralization, especially in patients with inadequate saliva

D. Broad-spectrum antimicrobial detergent formulation added to dentifrices as an antiplaque, antigingivitis, and antiinflammatory agent

E. Only fluoride used for water fluoridation and in professionally applied fluoride treatments

F. Releases oxygen for antimicrobial effect to reduce gingivitis and malodor; used in treatment of NUG

G. Mouth rinse that binds to oral tissues; side effects include a burning sensation in the oral soft tissues and epithelial desquamation

H. Amorphous calcium phosphate complex added to prophylaxis paste and professionally dispensed dentifrice to enhance remineralization

I. Used to neutralize acid after vomiting in patients with bulimia or those undergoing chemotherapy

Answer 7

C. Complex of casein phosphopeptides and amorphous calcium phosphate; used to manage dental caries by enhancing remineralization, especially in patients with inadequate saliva

Question 8

3. For the chemotherapeutic agent listed, select the MOST closely linked description on the agent’s use from the list provided.

_____ 6. Sodium fluoride

A. Added to dentifrices to control gingivitis as well as dental caries; does not usually cause staining at the low dose required for dentifrice

B. Added to dentifrices to control formation of supramarginal calculus

C. Complex of casein phosphopeptides and amorphous calcium phosphate; used to manage dental caries by enhancing remineralization, especially in patients with inadequate saliva

D. Broad-spectrum antimicrobial detergent formulation added to dentifrices as an antiplaque, antigingivitis, and antiinflammatory agent

E. Only fluoride used for water fluoridation and in professionally applied fluoride treatments

F. Releases oxygen for antimicrobial effect to reduce gingivitis and malodor; used in treatment of NUG

G. Mouth rinse that binds to oral tissues; side effects include a burning sensation in the oral soft tissues and epithelial desquamation

H. Amorphous calcium phosphate complex added to prophylaxis paste and professionally dispensed dentifrice to enhance remineralization

I. Used to neutralize acid after vomiting in patients with bulimia or those undergoing chemotherapy

Answer 8

E. Only fluoride used for water fluoridation and in professionally applied fluoride treatments

Question 9

3. For the chemotherapeutic agent listed, select the MOST closely linked description on the agent’s use from the list provided.

_____ 7. Sodium bicarbonate

A. Added to dentifrices to control gingivitis as well as dental caries; does not usually cause staining at the low dose required for dentifrice

B. Added to dentifrices to control formation of supramarginal calculus

C. Complex of casein phosphopeptides and amorphous calcium phosphate; used to manage dental caries by enhancing remineralization, especially in patients with inadequate saliva

D. Broad-spectrum antimicrobial detergent formulation added to dentifrices as an antiplaque, antigingivitis, and antiinflammatory agent

E. Only fluoride used for water fluoridation and in professionally applied fluoride treatments

F. Releases oxygen for antimicrobial effect to reduce gingivitis and malodor; used in treatment of NUG

G. Mouth rinse that binds to oral tissues; side effects include a burning sensation in the oral soft tissues and epithelial desquamation

H. Amorphous calcium phosphate complex added to prophylaxis paste and professionally dispensed dentifrice to enhance remineralization

I. Used to neutralize acid after vomiting in patients with bulimia or those undergoing chemotherapy

Answer 9

I. Used to neutralize acid after vomiting in patients with bulimia or those undergoing chemotherapy

Question 10

3. For the chemotherapeutic agent listed, select the MOST closely linked description on the agent’s use from the list provided.

_____ 8. Stannous fluoride

A. Added to dentifrices to control gingivitis as well as dental caries; does not usually cause staining at the low dose required for dentifrice

B. Added to dentifrices to control formation of supramarginal calculus

C. Complex of casein phosphopeptides and amorphous calcium phosphate; used to manage dental caries by enhancing remineralization, especially in patients with inadequate saliva

D. Broad-spectrum antimicrobial detergent formulation added to dentifrices as an antiplaque, antigingivitis, and antiinflammatory agent

E. Only fluoride used for water fluoridation and in professionally applied fluoride treatments

F. Releases oxygen for antimicrobial effect to reduce gingivitis and malodor; used in treatment of NUG

G. Mouth rinse that binds to oral tissues; side effects include a burning sensation in the oral soft tissues and epithelial desquamation

H. Amorphous calcium phosphate complex added to prophylaxis paste and professionally dispensed dentifrice to enhance remineralization

I. Used to neutralize acid after vomiting in patients with bulimia or those undergoing chemotherapy

Answer 10

A. Added to dentifrices to control gingivitis as well as dental caries; does not usually cause staining at the low dose required for dentifrice

Question 11

3. For the chemotherapeutic agent listed, select the MOST closely linked description on the agent’s use from the list provided.

_____ 9. Triclosan

A. Added to dentifrices to control gingivitis as well as dental caries; does not usually cause staining at the low dose required for dentifrice

B. Added to dentifrices to control formation of supramarginal calculus

C. Complex of casein phosphopeptides and amorphous calcium phosphate; used to manage dental caries by enhancing remineralization, especially in patients with inadequate saliva

D. Broad-spectrum antimicrobial detergent formulation added to dentifrices as an antiplaque, antigingivitis, and antiinflammatory agent

E. Only fluoride used for water fluoridation and in professionally applied fluoride treatments

F. Releases oxygen for antimicrobial effect to reduce gingivitis and malodor; used in treatment of NUG

G. Mouth rinse that binds to oral tissues; side effects include a burning sensation in the oral soft tissues and epithelial desquamation

H. Amorphous calcium phosphate complex added to prophylaxis paste and professionally dispensed dentifrice to enhance remineralization

I. Used to neutralize acid after vomiting in patients with bulimia or those undergoing chemotherapy

Answer 11

D. Broad-spectrum antimicrobial detergent formulation added to dentifrices as an antiplaque, antigingivitis, and antiinflammatory agent

Question 12

4. Which of the following additives has been shown to control dental caries by preventing the transmission of cariogenic bacteria from mother to infant?
   A Xylitol

B Sorbitol

C Triclosan

D Stannous fluoride

E Hydrogen peroxide

Answer 12

A Xylitol

Question 13

5. Which of the following over-the-counter mouthrinses has been accepted by the ADA and approved by the FDA to control and treat plaque biofilm and gingivitis?
   A Chlorine dioxide

B Chlorhexidine gluconate (Peridex)

C Essential oils (Listerine and generic versions)

D Cetylpridinium chloride (CPC), Crest Pro-Health, Scope

Answer 13

C Essential oils (Listerine and generic versions)

Question 14

6. All the following are effective ways to control volatile sulfur compounds (VSC)–producing organisms that cause breath malodor EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION?
   A Using breath mints

B Brushing the tongue

C Rinsing with Listerine

D Using a tongue scraper

Answer 14

A Using breath mints

Question 15

7. Chlorhexidine has been shown to be effective as an antimicrobial to control dental caries in patients who are at high risk for caries. The recommended protocol is the same as that used to control gingivitis.
   A Both statements are true.

B Both statements are false.

C The first statement is true, and the second statement is false.

D The first statement is false, and the second statement is true.

Answer 15

C The first statement is true, and the second statement is false.

Question 16

8. Which of the following is considered the major mechanism of action of fluoride in the inhibition of dental caries progression?
   A Antimicrobial effect on acidogenic bacteria

B Enhancement of remineralization in the demineralization–remineralization cycle

C Formation of fluorapatite during the development of enamel prior to eruption

D Inhibition of demineralization through fluoride adsorption by enamel mineral crystals

Answer 16

B Enhancement of remineralization in the demineralization–remineralization cycle

Question 17

9. Which of the following dentifrice ingredients should be avoided if a nonabrasive dentifrice is recommended?
   A Triclosan

B Baking soda

C Stannous fluoride

D Carbamide peroxide

Answer 17

B Baking soda

Question 18

10. Which of the following actions should be performed before the placement of dental sealants?
    A Application of fluoride

B Dental prophylaxis

C Caries risk assessment

D Oral hygiene instruction

Answer 18

C Caries risk assessment

Question 19

11. Pit and fissure sealants should be used in combination with fluorides for prevention of other types of caries because they are primarily effective in preventing pit and fissure caries.
    A Both the statement and reason are correct and related.

B Both the statement and reason are correct but not related.

C The statement is correct, but the reason is not.

D The statement is NOT correct, but the reason is correct.

E NEITHER the statement NOR the reason is correct.

Answer 19

A Both the statement and reason are correct and related.

Question 20

12. The emphasis in toothbrushing instruction to prevent and control gingivitis and mild to moderate periodontitis should be on developing and maintaining an effective technique. The emphasis on toothbrushing to prevent and control dental caries should be on increasing the frequency and duration of brushing with fluoride toothpaste.
    A Both statements are true.

B Both statements are false.

C The first statement is true, and the second statement is false.

D The first statement is false, and the second statement is true.

Answer 20

A Both statements are true.