Is it ascending/descending in nature?
ascending
Lower urinary tract travel to ______
kidneys
Cystitis: inflammation of ______
bladder
Pyelonephritis: infection of ______
kidney
Prostatitis: infection of ______
prostate
Are upper UTIs or lower UTIs more serious?
Upper UTIs
Patients who are under complicated UTI
- immunocompromised
- history of childhood UTI
- postmenopausal
- pregnant
- DM
- urologic abnormalities
More common in females or males? Why?
Females; because women have shorter urethra
Risk factors
- female
- > 50 yo
- use of diaphragm with spermicide
- frequent sex
- DM
- catheter use
- kidney stones/prostate cancer
_______: passing urine helps get rid of pathogens in urinary tract
Micturition
Indigenous/native proteins (fully functional): trap _______ or block adhesions to _________
bacteria; epithelial cells
S&S of asymptomatic bacteriuria
+ve urine culture
Management:
- _______ : +ve _____ or _______, confirms the diagnosis of ______________
- detection of bacteria in a _______: diagnostic gold standard for UTI
- antibiotics (Eg. _______, Amoxycillin-clavulanate aka _______)
- urine dipstick : +ve nitrite or leukocyte esterase, confirms the diagnosis of uncomplicated cystitis
- detection of bacteria in a urine culture: diagnostic gold standard for UTI
- antibiotics (Eg. cotrimoxazole, Amoxycillin-clavulanate aka augmentin)
What to avoid?
alcohol
S&S of cystitis
dysuria, frequent urine, nocturia, suprabubic discomfort, gross hematuria
S&S of pyelonephritis
fever, flank pain, nausea & vomiting
S&S of infectious prostatitis
dysuria, fever, frequent urine, chills, bladder outlet obstruction, pain in prostatic, pelvic or perineal areas
Pt edu:
- fluid intake up to ________
- ______________
- 3000ml/day
- pass urine regularly
