Vaccine Development

Question 1

Measles Disease Outline

Answer 1

Acute Viral disease. Runny nose, coughing, red eyes, red rash (moves down face, neck and body). Can progress to chest infection and swelling of brain. Highly contagious, spreads through air. 7-14 day incubation period

Question 2

Measels Virus

Answer 2

Paramyxovirus. Travels through air and survives on surface in droplets

Question 3

Priorix Outline

Answer 3

Powder and solvent solution for MMR vaccination

Question 4

What vaccines are made from chick embryo cells

Answer 4

Live attenuated measels virus, live attenuated mumps virus

Question 5

What vaccines are made in huma diploid (non-gamete) cells

Answer 5

Live attenuated rubella

Question 6

Excipients of measles vaccine

Answer 6

amino acids (stabilisers), anhydrous lactose (bulking agent), mannitol + sorbitol (stabilising for drying) and water (non-interacting solvent)

Question 7

MMR Hesitancy

Answer 7

False link to autism. Parents refused to vaccinate children. Immunity dropped increasing outbreaks

Question 8

Measles Heard Immunity

Answer 8

89-94%. Outbreaks still occur at >90%

Question 9

Social determinance of vaccine hesitancy

Answer 9

policies/mandates, religious interpretation, social network/norms, rumours, social media, healthcare professionals trust/communication and distrust of pharmaceutical industry

Question 10

Malaria Disease Outline

Answer 10

Caused by plasmodium (protozoan parasite) tranfered by mosquitos. Has a complex lifecycle, hard to target

Question 11

3 forms of plasmodium

Answer 11

sporozoite, merozoite and gametocyte

Question 12

Sporozoite Outline

Answer 12

Infection into liver hepatocytes. Progresses to merozoite. Targeted to prevent hepatocyte infection

Question 13

Merozoite Outline

Answer 13

Released in bloodstream, replicating in RBCs (or progress to gametocytes). Associated with clinical ilness. Targeted to reduce disease severity

Question 14

Gametocyte Outline

Answer 14

Form which mosquito spreads by. Targeted to prevent transmission

Question 15

Malaria Vaccine Outline

Answer 15

Recombinant protein based vaccine. Targets universal circumsporozite protein (antigen to enter hepatocytes). More immunogenic

Question 16

Vaccine Delivery Key Challenges

Answer 16

Financial constraints, supply chains, vaccine hesitancy, funds and demands