Validity And Reliability: External Validity + Assessing (checking) Validity

Question 1

What is external validity about

Answer 1

Generalising the findings after the study

Question 2

How can ecological validity be improved

Answer 2

• change the setting to something more natural/everyday (conduct in field)
• mundane realism

Question 3

How can population validity be improved

Answer 3

• use representative sampling method (stratified/random)

Question 4

How can Historical validity be improved

Answer 4

Replicate the study in the current day

Question 5

What is mundane realism

Answer 5

The degree to which the materials and procedures involved in an experiment are similar to events that occur in the real world

Question 6

What’s an important thing to remember about mundane realism

Answer 6

Don’t make assumptions that researching in the field has high mundane realism and therefore ecological validity
—> task might not be everyday thing

Question 7

What is a psychological test

Answer 7

A task or set of tasks that measures some aspect of human behaviour

Question 8

What are the 5 methods of assessing validity

Answer 8

• Face validity
• Predictive validity
• content validity
• concurrent validity
• construct validity

Question 9

What is face validity

Answer 9

• whether the test appears (at face value) to measure what it claims
• hence its subjective —> least sophisticated measure of validity
• tests where the purpose is clear (even to naive respondents) = high face validity

Question 10

What is predictive validity

Answer 10

• the degree to which a test accurately forecasts a future outcome on a more broadly related topic
• Do the findings apply in different and more varied situations?
• e.g. do those with high IQ scores gain higher grades in exams

Question 11

What is content validity

Answer 11

• this objectively checks whether the method of measuring behaviour is accurate and decides whether its a fair test which achieves the aims of the study
• can be carried out by asking an expert in that specific area of behaviour to check if the test is valid

Question 12

What is concurrent validity

Answer 12

• Validating a measurement by comparing it with an established one that has known validity
• if similar results occur on both tests = new test has concurrent validity
• if not = new test —> redesigned and carried out again

Question 13

What is construct validity

Answer 13

• looks at whether the overall results reflect the phenomena (external validity)
• achieved by checking the existing definitions of the behaviour being studied and redesigning the test if it measures a different construct
• most sophisticated test of validity

Question 14

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Answer 14

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