Variation 2

Question 1

Lexical sets:

Answer 1

Large groups of words which share the same (stressed) vowel

Question 2

Distribution of /r/

Answer 2

RP is non-rhotic: only prevocalic /r/
GA is rhotic: /r/ in all positions

Question 3

Realisation of /l/

Answer 3

RP: clear [l] before vowels, dark (velarised) [ɫ] otherwise
GA: dark (velarised) [ɫ] in all positions

Question 4

Realisation of /t/

Answer 4

RP: /t/ is a fortis plosive in all positions
GA: intervocalic /t/ is a voiced tap (e.g. city, waiting)

Question 5

T-glottalling

Answer 5

that causes the phoneme /t/ to be pronounced as the glottal stop [ʔ]
COCKNey

Question 6

TH-stopping

Answer 6

is the use of (t,d) instead of /ð/ θ̼

Irish, AAVE,

Question 7

L-vocalisation

Answer 7

A characteristic feature whereby the “dark” allophone of /l/ becomes a vovel of the (o) or (

Question 8

H-dropping

Answer 8

Absence of initial /h/ e.g. “enry” for henry. Typical Cockney

Question 9

KIT

Answer 9

ɪ = Near-close near-front

Question 10

DRESS

Answer 10

e = Close-mid front

Question 11

PRICE

Answer 11

aɪ Open front starting-point

Question 12

MOUTH

Answer 12

aʊ open front starting point

Question 13

NURSE

Answer 13

ɜː Open-mid central

Question 14

TRAP

Answer 14

æ = Near-open front

Question 15

LOT

Answer 15

ɒ = Open back rounded vowe

Question 16

FOOT

Answer 16

ʊ = Near-close near-back rounded vowe

Question 17

STRUT

Answer 17

ʌ = Open-mid back

Question 18

FLEECE

Answer 18

iː Close front

Question 19

FACE

Answer 19

eɪ Close-mid front starting point

Question 20

PALM

Answer 20

ɑː Open front

Question 21

THOUGHT

Answer 21

ɔː Open-mid backrounded

Question 22

GOAT

Answer 22

əʊ mid central starting-point

Question 23

GOOSE

Answer 23

uː Close back rounded

Question 24

CHOICE

Answer 24

ɔɪ open mid-back rounded starting point

Question 25

Mouth

Answer 25

aʊ mid central starting-point

Question 26

NEAR

Answer 26

ɪə Close front starting point

Question 27

SQUARE

Answer 27

ɛə open mid front starting point

Question 28

START

Answer 28

ɑː Open back unrounded vowel

Question 29

NORTH

Answer 29

ɔː (long= Open-mid back rounded vowel

Question 30

FORCE

Answer 30

ɔː (long) Open-mid back rounded vowel

Question 31

CURE

Answer 31

ʊə close-mid back rounded starting point

Question 32

Glottal

Answer 32

a sound produced in the larynx, due to the closure or narrowing og the glottis, as in the initial consonant (H) of happy and in the glottal stop (?), which is stereotypically connected with London Cockney but actually found in varius accents around the englishspeaking world

Question 33

Retroflex

Answer 33

A position slightly further back then alveolar, with the tip of the tounge bear or curled backwards, as generally in R`s produced by Americans and speakers from England west country

Question 34

Tapped

Answer 34

Referes to consonants that are related to trills: the difference is that the movement is momenetary: there is only on beat (tap) which is usually produced by the tip of the tounge. A tapped /r/ which is represented as [r] and sound almost like a [d] is common in some accents of British English, especially between vowels, as in very, hurry. This sound is characteristic of most varieties of American English but as a realization of intervocalic /t/ as un city and latter.

Question 35

Trilled

Answer 35

(rolled) refers to certain types of /r/ and stands for the rapid, repeated tapping in which the tip of the tongue is used. it is something of a stereotype that front trills in which the tip of the tounge is used - are characteristic of Scottish English

Question 36

Uvular

Answer 36

The back of the tongue against the uvula. unlike many European languages, English does not generally have uvular "back" /r/, but there is a highly recessive pocket in North-east England. where it may possibly be heard under the name of "northumbriar burr" and some scottish speakers use it virably.

Question 37

Wide

Answer 37

a term used about diphthongs that a characterized by by a relatively long distance from the starting point to the finishing-point. some Broad Australian Diphthongs for example, are Typically wider then their correspondence in reference accent RP as in (saI) rather then (sei) for say

Question 38

Allophone

Answer 38

one of two or more alternative realisations of a phoneme (clear and dark L in RP)

Question 39

Aspirated

Answer 39

Refers to stops, whose release by a short period in which the vocal cords are not vibrating

Question 40

cluster

Answer 40

A sequence of adjacent consonants

Question 41

Fricative

Answer 41

Speech-Sound articulated in such a way that the air-flow is led through a narrow passage where the air gives rise to audible Friction

Question 42

stress-timed

Answer 42

Languages assigns roughly equal time from one stress to the next, irrespective of number of syllables involved

Question 43

Syllable-timed

Answer 43

These languages assign roughly equal time to each syllable

Question 44

Variety

Answer 44

Speech communities which have distinctly different patterns of pronunciation and lexis but broadly used similar syntax are said in English studies to speak varieties of the same dialect.