Vertebral Column

Question 1

ID the Vertebral Divisions and how many vertbrae are contained in each?

Where do nerves exit for the different divisions?

Answer 1

Cervical (5) - N exit above
Thoracic (12) - N exit below
Lumbar (5) - N exit below
Sacrum (5 fused)
Coccyx (4)

Question 2

Primary curvatures are which parts of the spine?

Answer 2

Thoracic (concave) & Sacral (concave)

Question 3

Secondary curvatures are which parts of the spine?

Answer 3

Cervical (convex) & Lumbar (convex)

Question 4

ID this abnormal curvature

Answer 4

Scoliosis

Question 5

ID this abnormal curvature

Answer 5

Lordosis

Question 6

ID this abnormal curvature

Answer 6

Kyphosis

Question 7

The characteristics of vertebrae (except C1 & C2 ) include 5 parts. List them and ID them on the image included.

Answer 7

1. Vertebral body
2. Vertebral arch (pedicles (2) and lamina (2))
3. Verebral foramen
4. Intervertebral foramen

Question 8

Vertebral foramina are larger in which spinal regions? Why?

Answer 8

Cervical & Lumbar

More motor and sensory neurons in the spinal cords of those area, so the vertebra compensate for this by having larger foramina.

Question 9

ID the following vertebral types

Answer 9

Question 10

Vertebra prominens is located where? why?

Answer 10

C7 (prominen spinous process)

can be palpated, posterior neck

Question 11

Name the two special vertebrae in the cervical region

Answer 11

C1 (Atlas)
- ring shape
- no vertebral body or spinous process
- allow “yes” movement
- has Dens aticulate with skull

C2 (Axis)

Question 12

Answer 12

Transverse Process of Vertebrae

Question 13

Answer 13

Spinous Process of Vertebae

Question 14

Answer 14

Intervertebral Disks

Question 15

What is the outer ring called?

Answer 15

Nucleus Pulposus of Intervertebral Disk

Anulus Fibrosus

Question 16

Answer 16

Anterior Longitudinal Ligament

Question 17

Answer 17

Posterior Longitudinal Ligament

IV disks are more likely to bulge posterolaterally because PLL is thiner

Question 18

Answer 18

Ligamenta Flava

Question 19

Answer 19

Interspinous Ligament

between the spinous process of vertebrae

Question 20

Answer 20

Supraspinous Ligament

On top of spinous processes of vertebrae

Question 21

Answer 21

Nuchal Ligament

Question 22

Answer 22

Intertranverve Ligament

between transverse processes of vertebrae

Question 23

Answer 23

Zygapophyseal Joint

Question 24

What is A? What articulates with A? What is that joint called?

Answer 24

Superior articular facet of Atlas (C1)

• Occipital Condyles of the occiptial bone
• Atlantooccipital joint

Question 25

What ligament spans between structures B?

Answer 25

Transverse ligament

Question 26

List the Meninges of the spine and order superical to deep.

Answer 26

Dura Mater - Superficial, thick, tough Arachnoid Mater - Middle Pia - Mater Deep, delicate

Question 27

What are the ligaments of the spinal cord meninges

Answer 27

Denticulate ligaments extend from pia mater, through arachnoid mater, to dura mater. provide support for spinal cord in the vertebral foramen

Question 28

What are the portion of the spinal cord?

Answer 28

spinal cord - caudate equaina (look like horse tail) - cona medullaris (tapering of spinal cord) - filum terminale (comes off end of cona med. down to dura mater to anchor spinal cord)

Question 29

What locations of spinal cord have enlargements? Why?

Answer 29

cervical (brachial plexus) lumbar (lumbar and sacral plexus + cauda eqauina) | more nerves involved with area/ excess nerve fibers

Question 30

Spinal Cord Roots: Ventral = front Dorsal = back when dorsal root (+dorsal root ganglion) and ventral root come together what is formed?

Answer 30

Spinal nerve -it then splits into dorsal ramus and ventral ramus (larger)

Question 31

Afferent nerve fiber are: ? soma Efferent nerve fiber are: ? soma

Answer 31

A = sensory soma (dorsal) E = motor soma (ventral)

Question 32

Explain the pneumonic: All Men Fear P M S

Answer 32

Anterior Median Fissure Posterior Median Sulcus **we can also use these to help us ID ventral and dorsal roots