Define Viscosity.
Viscosity- a liquid’s internal resistance that keeps it from flowing. (High Viscosity-NOT flow easily, Low Viscosity-DOES flow easily)
More Viscous-Thicker, Less Viscous-Thinner
Define Flow Rate.
Flow Rate- measurement of how fast the fluid runs this measurement can be found by timing how long it takes for a fluid to flow from one point to another.(More Viscosity-Lower Flow Rate) (centimeter/second)
What are some factors that can affect flow rate?
- Temperature/Energy- the warmer the liquid, the more energy its particles have to move and spread around, therefore “thinning” out the substance. Particles move further away from one another and are less attracted to one another. As a liquid is heated, its viscosity decreases. The colder syrup had a greater viscosity and therefore a lower flow rate. The warmer syrup had less viscosity and therefore a higher flow rate.
- Attraction- the more particles are attracted to one another, the harder it is for them to move past one another, so they do it very slowly. The greater the attraction between particles, the greater the viscosity.
- Size/Shape- small particles move past one another, with more ease than large particles can. The smaller the particle, the less viscous the substance. The larger the particle, the more viscous the substance.
Define Density.
Density- the amount of matter (mass) that occupies a certain space (volume). Density is also refereed to as mass to volume ratio. Formula: D=M/V
Each different substance is made up of a unique type of particle. The density of a substance depends on the type of particle that makes up that substance and how those particles are arranged. Generally, gases are the least dense and solids are the densest (many exceptions).
On a graph, the steeper the slope of the line, the denser the substance is.
What is the relationship between density and temperature?
When a substance is heated, the particles speed up, move apart, and take up more space. Since volume has increased but mass has stayed the same density has decreased. The opposite happens when a substance is cooled. Particles slow down, move closer together, take up less space, and density increases.
