Wynn (1992)
Numbers: Infants look longer when VoE
Infants comprehend basic addition and subtraction
Baillargeon (1987)
Object Permanence: Looking longer meant they understood the physical principles
Social Looking and VoE
Walden et al. (2007)
Used social looking to measure VoE
- Infants looked at mum more when things were wrong
- Could have been suprised but not necessarily at the numbers
Dunn et al. (2016)
Does social looking index novelty?
- Time spent looking to stimuli: Increased in novelty and VoE
- Social looks: Increased in VoE but not novelty
- Social looking measures VoE: Understand that objects cannot change without manipulation
Dunn et al. (2016): Conclusion
Social looking ahould be used so novelty can be disentangled from when looking is because something is wrong