W1

Question 1

What are osteocytes

Answer 1

Mature bone cells located in lacunae interconnected by canaliculi

Question 2

What are osteoblasts

Answer 2

Immature bone cells

Question 3

What are osteoclasts

Answer 3

Cells that dissolve bone matrix and release minaerals

Question 4

What are osteoprojenitor cells

Answer 4

Stem cells that can differentiate into other cell types for repair

Question 5

What is a periosteum

Answer 5

Fibrous tissue that covers the surface of a bone except articular surface

Question 6

What is a compact bone

Answer 6

Densely packed osteons that forms the outer layer of all bones

Question 7

What is a spongy bone

Answer 7

Irregularly aligned osteons called trabeculae for lighter weight

Question 8

What is a red bone marrow

Answer 8

Hematopoietic stem cells that can differentiate into red, white blood cells and platelets

Question 9

What is a yellow bone marrow

Answer 9

Contains apidose tissues and mesenchymal stem cells that can differentiate into cartilage, bone, fat and muscle cells

Question 10

Which 5 shapes of bones?

Answer 10

Long short flat sesamoid irregular

Question 11

What is an immovable joint

Answer 11

Fibrous joint, synarthrosis

Question 12

What is a slightly movable joint

Answer 12

Cartilages, amphiarthrosis

Question 13

What is a frelly movable joint

Answer 13

Synovial joint, diarthrosis

Question 14

Structure of a synovial joint

Answer 14

Articular capsule consist of fibrous capsule and a synovial membrane, inside is filled synovial fluid. Between the articulation is an articular cartilage which provides a wear resistant surface and a fibrocartilage called meniscus that reduces friction

Question 15

What is a bursae

Answer 15

Sacs filled with synovial fluid at where the tendons or ligaments are between bones

Question 16

What 6 types of joints

Answer 16

Hinge pivot saddle plane condyle ball and socket

Question 17

What is a hinge joint

Answer 17

Uniaxial joint, allows flexion and extension, eg. humeroulnar and humeroradial joint

Question 18

What is a pivot joint

Answer 18

Uniaxial, allows rotation in 1 axis, eg. atlantoaxial joint

Question 19

What is a saddle joint

Answer 19

Biaxial joint, allows flexion extension abduction and adduction, eg. First carpometacarpal joint

Question 20

What is a plane joint

Answer 20

Biaxial joint, allows gliding movement on the surface, eg. talocrural joint

Question 21

What is a condyle joint

Answer 21

Biaxial joint, allows flexion extension abduction adduction and circumduction, eg. Radialcarpal joints

Question 22

What is a ball and socket joint

Answer 22

Poly axial joint, allows angular movement in all directions, eg. Glenohumeral joint

Question 23

What are 3 types of cartilages

Answer 23

Hyaline fibro- elastic

Question 24

What is the organization of muscles

Answer 24

Filaments, myofibrils, sacromere, muscle cell, sacrolemma, perimysium, fascicle , endomysium, muscle, epimysium

Question 25

Which 7 types of muscle shapes

Answer 25

Fusiform parallel convergent circular unipennete bipennete multipennete

Question 26

What is a fusiform

Answer 26

biceps brachii(biceps)

Question 27

What is a parallel

Answer 27

Rectus abdominus(abs)

Question 28

What is a convergent

Answer 28

pectoralus major(pecs)

Question 29

What is a circular

Answer 29

Orbicularis Oris(lips)

Question 30

What is unipenette

Answer 30

Extensor digitorum(forearm)

Question 31

What is bipennete

Answer 31

Rectus femoris(quads)

Question 32

What is multipennete

Answer 32

Deltoid(delts)

Question 33

What is muscle tone

Answer 33

Determined by degree of contraction of muscles even when relaxed

Question 34

What are type I and type II

Answer 34

Type I is slow twitch while type II is fast twitch

Question 35

What are the 3 types of muscels

Answer 35

Slow fast oxidative fast glycolytic