W3: Experimental Design

Question 1

Extraneous Variable

Answer 1

if a variable could influence the outcome but is equally disrtiuted across all conditions

Question 2

Confound

Answer 2

if a varible could influence the outcome, and is not equally dirstibuted across all conditions

Question 3

The Principle of Parsimony

Answer 3

when facing multiple competing explanations for some emprircal outcome, you would prefer the explanation that is simpler or reuqires fewer assumptions

Question 4

How to deal with Extraneous Variable

Answer 4

1. random assignment
2. large samples

Question 5

How to deal with Confounds

Answer 5

1. have a control condition
2. have multiple controls for diff confounds
3. are alternative explananstions parasamonious
4. be truthful about your experiments limitations

Question 6

Advantages of a Post-Test ONLY

Answer 6

• fast and efficient
• less participant bias

Question 7

Disadvantages of a Post-Test ONLY

Answer 7

• cannot measure changes within groups
• relies on random assignment to control for Extranious Variables
• cannot determine what causes the Mortality Effect

Question 8

Advantages of Pre-Test/Post-Test

Answer 8

• changes within participants
• determine the how similar group scores are before and after
• determine th cause of drop-outs

Question 9

Disadvantages of Pre-Test/Post-Test

Answer 9

• Testing Effect

Question 10

Advantages of Matched Pairs Design

Answer 10

• better control of extranious variables
• fewer participants needed

Question 11

Disadvantages of Matched Pairs Design

Answer 11

• testing effect
• difficult to find matched pairs
• time and money

Question 12

Advantages of Within-Subject Design

Answer 12

• control of extraneous variables (conditoned equally)
• fewer participants needed
• mor statistical power

Question 13

Disadvantages of Within-Subject Design

Answer 13

• sessions are long
• plan for testing effects
• high chance of demand charateristics

Question 14

subject selection effects

Answer 14

groups are not matched on extraneous variables