Web Technologies

Question 1

What is HTML

Answer 1

A programming language used to define and interpret the content of web pages

Question 2

What is CSS (Cascading style sheets)

Answer 2

• A programming language used to specify the layout and appearance of web pages
• It uses selectors such as classes and IDs

Question 3

What is JavaScript

Answer 3

A programming language that programs the behaviour of web pages

Question 4

What are the Two Sections of HTML

Answer 4

• The head - contains the title of the webpage
• The body - contains the content of the webpage

Question 5

Describe the main HTML Tags

Answer 5

• < html > - All code written within these tags is interpreted as HTML
• < body > - Defines the the main content area of the webpage
• < link > - Used to link to additional files, including CSS stylesheets
• < head > - Defines the browser tab or window heading area
• < h1 >, < h2 >, < h3 > - Heading styles in decreasing sizes

Question 6

How do you Show the End of a HTML Tag

Answer 6

< /html >

Question 7

Describe Ordered and Unordered Lists in HTML

Answer 7

• Ordered - < ol > followed by < li >
• Unordered - < ul > followed by < li >

Question 8

Describe the Extra HTML Tags

Answer 8

• < p > - a paragraph separated with a line space above and below
• < img > - self closing image with parameters (img src = location, height=x, width = y)
• < a > - anchor tag defining a hyperlink
• < div > - creates a division of a page into separate areas each which can be referred to uniquely by name, (< div id= “page” >)

Question 9

Write the HTML code for a hyperlink

Answer 9

< a href = “booking.htm” > < img src = “ticket.pgn” > < / a>

Question 10

What are the names of the two methods of applying CSS

Answer 10

• Internal/Embedded CSS - placed inside the style tags and is entered directly into the HTML document
• External CSS - written in a separate document and a link to this style sheet is added to the HTML document

Question 11

How do you use External CSS in your HTML code

Answer 11

Write within the tag

Question 12

Describe an Example of CSS Syntax

Answer 12

head{

background-color: #8EJH32

}

body {

background-color: white;

font-family: Arial,

font-size: 20px;

Text-align: center;

}

Question 13

Is JavaScript interpreted or complied

Answer 13

• JavaScript is interpreted
• This means web pages are interpreted by the browser each time they are loaded

Question 14

What are the Advantages of using JavaScript

Answer 14

• Javascript is interpreted so is often used to validate input data on the client computer
• Local computer can deal with invalid data before it is sent off to the servers
• Reduces web traffic

Question 15

What is a Search Engine

Answer 15

A program that searches through a database of internet addresses looking for resources based on criteria set by the client

Question 16

How does a Search Engine work

Answer 16

• Search engines use a software called web crawlers
• Web crawlers are used by search engines to collect information, it works by traversing the internet webpage by webpage looking for linked sites
• The web crawlers collect keywords and phrases from the linked web pages and add this information to the index
• They also collect and add meta data from websites, which is the information specified by the website owner

Question 17

Why is it important the order in which Search Engines display webpages

Answer 17

• The order determines which websites users choose to visit and use
• Therefore it is important that search engines display the most high-quality websites with relevant content at the top of the page

Question 18

What is the PageRank Algorithm

Answer 18

The algorithm that determines the order in which web pages are displayed when a search is conducted

The algorithm of pagerank itself is given by:

PageRank(x) = (1-d) + d[(PageRank(T1) ÷ Count(T1)) + … + (PageRank(Tn) ÷ Count(Tn)]

PageRank(x) is the page rank of page x, Count(Tn) is the total count of outbound links from a webpage n and d is the damping factor.

Question 19

Why and how was the PageRank Algoirthm improved

Answer 19

• People tend to follow 5 or 6 links before breaking a chain, so we can improve Page Rank to account for this
• Damping represents the probability the user does click link
• We assume that the damping probability is 0.85

Question 20

Describe the steps of the PageRank Algorithm

Answer 20

• Counts how many links leave each website
• Gives every website a page rank of 1
• Iterates a “vote” to improve its estimate until it converges

Question 21

What factors determine a PageRank

Answer 21

• How many incoming links it has from other web pages
• The page rank of the web pages that link to it

Question 22

Aside from links between websites what other factors affect the PageRank of a website

Answer 22

• The age of a web page
• How quickly content on the web page loads
• How often web pages are updated

Question 23

What data structure is used to display a PageRank Algorithm

Answer 23

A Directed Graph

Question 24

What is Server Side Processing

Answer 24

• Server Side Processing is when a client sends information to a server for processing
• This means no information is processed on the client computer
• Common server side scripting languages are SQL or PHP

Question 25

What is Client Side Processing

Answer 25

* Client Side Processing is when information is processed on a local device * This means all of the information is processed on the client computer * Client Side Processing uses languages such as JavaScript

Question 26

What are the Advantages of Server Side Processing and Client Side Processing

Answer 26

Server Side Processing - * Does not require plugins * Can perform large calculations much faster than clients * Not browser dependent * More secure Client Side Processing - * Webpage can immediately respond to user actions * Executes quickly