Roman Civ > Week 11 > Flashcards

Week 11 Flashcards

(65 cards)

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1
Q

What is an arena?

A

The oval in the middle of the amphitheatre

(NOT the amphitheatre itself)

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2
Q

When was the Amphitheatre first developed?

A

1st century BC (late republic)

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3
Q

What does Arena mean in Latin?

A

Sand

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4
Q

What did they use before permanent amphitheatres?

A

Temporary wooden stands in the streets.

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5
Q

Why were amphitheatres oval and not circular?

A
  • Because when amphitheatres were temporary, they had to squeeze in as many seats as possible in the narrow streets.
  • Also gave better visibility to all seats
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6
Q

What is the earliest stone amphitheatre?

A

Theatre of Pompeii

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7
Q

What is the Colosseum named after?

A

The Nero Colossus statue

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8
Q

How did they get the money to build the Colosseum?

A

Plundered riches from the war in Jerusalem

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9
Q

Which Imperial dynasty built the Colosseum?

A

The Flavians

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10
Q

Who was in charge of controlling the awnings at the Colosseum?

A

Sailors

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11
Q

Who got front row seats at the Colosseum?

A
  • Imperial household
  • Senators
  • Foreign Ambassador
  • Priests/Priestesses
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12
Q

How many people could the Colosseum hold?

A

50 000

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13
Q

What were the Colosseum’s seating arrangements?

A

1st row: Imperial Household, Senators, Foreign Ambassadors, Priests/Priestesses

2nd row: Equestrians

3rd row: Freeborn Male citizens

4th row: Male non-citizens

last row: Women

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14
Q

What was the name for the Gladiator School?

A

Ludus Magnus

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15
Q

How did the Ludus Magnus house Gladiators?

A

In cells

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16
Q

What connected the Ludus Magnus to the Colosseum?

A

An underground tunnel

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17
Q

What was the typical amphitheatre events schedule established by Augustus?

A
  1. Cena Libera (pre-game dinner)
  2. Pompa (morning procession)(parade around the arena)
  3. Venationes (animal fights)
  4. Meridiani (Mid-day executions)
  5. Munera (afternoon gladiators)
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18
Q

At what stage in the event schedule were myths and historical reenactments performed?

A

The Meridiani

(They dressed up prisoners as mythological characters or historical figures, to be eaten or killed brutally)

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19
Q

What was the first type of gladiator?

A

Samnite

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19
Q

True or False

They often put dark spins on mythological stories and found it humorous

A

TRUE

(ex. they would give a prisoner dressed as Orpheus to tame the wild animals, but he would simply be devoured by them)

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20
Q

What were the 2 most popular gladiatorial match-up duels?

A
  1. Murmillo VS. Thraex
  2. Retiarius VS. Secutor
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21
Q

Which gladiator class, armed like a legionary, was known as the “fishman”?

A

Murmillo

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22
Q

How did Cicero view religion?

A
  • Cicero didn’t outright believe in the god’s existence
  • BUT, he found value in the social importance of religion
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23
Q

True or False:

Despite not believing in the gods, Cicero was a priest!

A

TRUE

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24
What was the formal name for the Roman religion?
The Faith of our Fathers
25
In what year did Rome Christianize?
313 AD
26
Who was the first Christian Emperor?
Constantine
27
What proclamation made Roman Christianization official?
Edict of Milan (313 AD)
28
True or False: Romans believed that their gods were creators.
FALSE They did not believe the gods were creators
29
Physically, the Roman gods were _______
Anthropomorphic
30
True or False: The Romans had one central Holy Book
FALSE
31
Who was the chief male deity?
Jupiter
32
Who is god of the sea?
Neptune
33
What is the "Peace of the Gods" formally called?
Pax Deorum
34
True or False: Romans thought ALL of their gods looked like humans
FALSE Only most of them
35
What is the word for gaining the god's favour?
Propitiate
36
Which Egyptian Goddess did Rome worship?
Isis
37
What is the word describing a human becoming a god?
Apeothesis
38
Who decided if an Emperor was to be made a god?
The Senate
39
What was the name of the crossroads and household guardian deities?
Lares Compitales
40
What was the name of the Lares shrine in each household?
Lararia
41
Who was in charge of household religion?
Paterfamilias
42
What did the paterfamilias have to do every morning?
Pray and sacrifice to the household lararia (a sacrifice could simply be burning incense)
43
***** What were the 5 aspects/duties of Roman religion?
- Assigned Priests/Priestesses - Building and Maintaining Temples - Celebrating festivals - Suppressing dangerous/intolerant religions - Conducting Rituals
44
What was the highest Priest position held by the emperor?
Pontifex Maximus
45
What was the name of the temple dedicated to ALL gods?
Pantheon
46
In which festival did the Romans serve their slaves?
Saturnalia
47
What was the iconic action of Saturnalia?
Loosening the bonds on Saturn's hands (on the statue)
48
Where were the rituals performed for Saturnalia?
The Temple of Saturn
49
True or False: Saturnalia inspired Christmas for its gift giving tradition.
TRUE!
50
What was one defining liberty granted only during Saturnalia?
The suspension of most laws.
51
Gambling on games of chance was illegal, except during ____________
Saturnalia
52
Which cult did the Roman's shut down due to its murderous kidnapping rituals?
Cult of Bacchus
53
What did the Romans force Christians to do?
To either make a sacrifice to a Roman god, or be killed
54
***** What were the 5 types of rituals?
- Sacrifice/ Votive offering - Prayer - Vow - Divination (gaining information from the gods) - Apotropaic Rite (warding away evil spirits and protecting an individual)
55
What is Augury?
Interpreting bird flight patterns as signs from the Gods
56
What is the name for interpreting animals entrails as messages from the gods?
Extiscipy
57
What is the name for Interpreting bird flight patterns as signs from the gods?
Augury
58
What is Extuscipy?
Interpreting animals entrails as messages from the gods
59
True or False: The bigger the animal, the bigger the dedication.
TRUE
60
How did animal sacrifices work?
You slaughtered the animal and cooked the meat, so the fumes go up to the sky as offering (You could still eat the meat after, so many had feasts)
61
What is the word for turning away evil?
Apotropaic
62
Why were the Romans more sparing with Jews than Christians?
Because Jews didn't actively try to convert people, but Christians did.
63
What was the name of the festival in which young naked men ran around the Palatine hill to cleanse the city?
Lupercalia
64
Who were the young men who ran around Palatine hill during Lupercalia?
Young men from collegiums of lesser priests
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